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Recently there has been growing concern about the hazards for man and his environment due to exposure to chemicals. One aspect receiving particular attention is that of the neglect of stereoselectivity in bioactive agents such as pesticides, drugs, etc. Mixtures of stereoisomers often contain 50 percent inactive material in the form of isomeric ballast. This ballast is pure environmental pollutant. Decisions as to whether the use of mixtures of stereoisomers is acceptable are only possible and acceptable if they are based on sound scientific information. It is the purpose of this volume to contribute to, and to disseminate, knowledge in this field. Written for workers in the field of pesticides, the book contains concise and basic information on stereoselectivity as a notable source of problems. Attention is paid to the involvement of stereoselectivity in important classes of pesticides as well as to pheromones and compounds derived from insect hormones with potential use in crop protection. Fundamentals of stereochemistry, stereoselective analytical methods, stereoselective synthesis and stereochemical aspects of the design of new compounds are also discussed.
Insecticide Mode of Action presents significant research on the biological activity of insecticides. The book is organized into three sections encompassing 13 chapters that summarize three major groups of insecticides, including neurotoxic, formamidine, and developmental insecticides. The first section of the book presents studies on groups of conventional neurotoxic insecticides: chlorinated hydrocarbons, pyrethroids, carbamates, and organophosphorus chemicals. This text discusses their structure, poisoning property, structure-activity relationships, and stereoselectivity. The subsequent section discusses the biochemical, biological, and neurotoxic actions of formamidines, a group of pesticides that exhibit an unusual spectrum of activity. Several modes of action of pharmacological significance as well as some important behavioral effects are included in this section. The third section addresses groups of insecticides that affect insect growth and development. Such chemicals typically demonstrate marked selectivity and represent more sophisticated strategies in the chemical control of insect pests. This book is of value to researchers, teachers, and regulatory personnel concerned with the biological activity of insecticides.
Comprehensive Analytical Profiles of Important Pesticides provides detailed information on the properties and analytical methodology for nine prominent pesticides, including one insecticide, two fungicides, five herbicides, and one plant growth regulator. An analysis of various fumigants in foods is also provided. An overview for each pesticide covers formulation and uses; chemical and physical properties; analytical methods and toxicological data; fish and wildlife toxicity studies; and tolerances on various foods and feeds. General properties including toxicity data, procedures and ramifications for formulation analysis, low level residue analysis, and modifications and occurrences are listed for each compound. Experimental details of procedures are reviewed together with a critical evaluation leading to a recommended procedure. The wealth of information found in Comprehensive Analytical Profiles of Important Pesticides makes it an essential reference volume for analytical chemists, laboratory managers, environmental chemists, residue chemists, toxicologists, and other professionals who require access to concise reports illustrating the latest successful approaches to analyzing these important pesticides.
In today's world, food security is an important issue. Food shortages push prices up, impacting upon the health and well-being of hundreds of millions of rural poor across the globe. One way to increase food security is to decrease the amount of yield lost to pests. The Pesticide Encyclopedia provides a comprehensive overview of the fight against pests, covering chemical pesticides, biocontrol agents and biopesticides. It also covers interrelated topics such as pesticide toxicity, legislation and regulation, handling, storage and safety aspects, IPM techniques, resistance management, interaction of pesticides with soil and the environment. An important reference for policy makers, advisers and students and researchers of crop science, this book also includes useful notes on commonly known plant diseases and pests.
In this annotated bibliography, an attempt has been made to summarise the international research experience up to date covering various aspects of environmental degradation, by pesticides and organic chemicals and its control. Broadly, it enlists adsorption-desorption behaviour of soils; microbial activity, degradation and bio-remedition; soil, water and atmospheric pollution; agricultural activity; crop rotation; climate run off and water pollution; disease, pest control and plant protection measures.
This reference provides an introduction to the phenomenon of chirality and its importance in conjunction with biological activity and offers an easy-to-read examination of practical, industrially relevant methods for the synthesis of optically active compounds.;Furnishing hands-on guidelines for the development of economically viable synthetic compounds, Chirotechnology: explains optical isomerism and stereochemistry; gives a general overview of various methods of synthesis; supplies detailed explications of specific techniques, including fermentation, crystallization, the chirality pool, enzymatic methods, and catalytic asymmetric synthesis; illustrates and compares approaches with examples taken directly from industry such as the synthesis of pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, flavours, and fragrances; and clarifies the importance of determining which approach to use for the synthesis of particular molecules.;With over 1100 literature citations, tables and figures, Chirotechnology is a reference for chemical engineers; industrial, organic and medicinal chemists; and bioprocess technologists, as well as a text for upper-level undergraduate, graduate and continuing-education students in these disciplines.
This book reviews the occurrence and fate of pesticides in soils, their impact on soil quality and soil ecosystems, and it also provides a comprehensive overview of the latest prevention and remediation strategies of soil contamination. Chapters from expert contributors cover topics such as soil pollution monitoring, the role of dissolved organic matter on the environmental fate of pesticides in soils, the effects of pesticides on soil microbial communities, plant uptake of pesticides from soils, and nano-based pesticides. Particular attention is given to the latest physicochemical and biological technologies developed to immobilize or degrade pesticides, preventing soil and water pollution. Given its scope, the book will appeal to researchers, professionals, including environmental chemists, engineers, ecologists, and policy-makers responsible for soil management.
Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology attempts to provide concise, critical reviews of timely advances, philosophy and significant areas of accomplished or needed endeavor in the total field of xenobiotics, in any segment of the environment, as well as toxicological implications.