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Stereoselective Synthesis of Tetrasubstituted Alkenes via Torquoselectivity-Controlled Olefination of Carbonyl Compounds with Ynolates, by Mitsuru Shindo and Kenji Matsumoto.- Stereoselective Synthesis of Z-Alkenes, by Woon-Yew Siau, Yao Zhang and Yu Zhao.- Stereoselective Synthesis of Mono-fluoroalkenes, by Shoji Hara.- Recent Advances in Stereoselective Synthesis of 1,3-Dienes, by Michael De Paolis, Isabelle Chataigner and Jacques Maddaluno.- Selective Olefination of Carbonyl Compounds via Metal-Catalyzed Carbene Transfer from Diazo Reagents, by Yang Hu and X. Peter Zhang.- Selective Alkene Metathesis in the Total Synthesis of Complex Natural Product, by Xiaoguang Lei and Houhua Li.- Olefination Reactions of Phosphorus-Stabilized Carbon Nucleophiles, by Yonghong Gu and Shi-Kai Tian.- Alkene Synthesis Through Transition Metal-Catalyzed Cross-Coupling of N-Tosylhydrazones, by Yan Zhang and Jianbo Wang.
Carbon-carbon bond forming reactions are arguably the most important processes in chemistry, as they represent key steps in the building of complex molecules from simple precursors. Among these reactions, metal-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions are extensively employed in a wide range of areas of preparative organic chemistry, ranging from the synthesis of complex natural products, to supramolecular chemistry, and materials science. In this work, a dozen internationally renowned experts and leaders in the field bring the reader up to date by documenting and critically analyzing current developments and uses of metal-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions. A particularly attractive and useful feature, that enhances the practical value of this monograph, is the inclusion of key synthetic protocols, in experimental format, chosen for broad utility and application. This practice-oriented book can offer the practitioner short cuts to ensure they remain up-to-date with the latest developments.
Organozinc reagents are less reactive than Grignard reagents but they are much more chemoselective. Since the Negishi cross-coupling reaction developed by Ei-ichi Negishi, who was awarded the Nobel Price in chemistry in 2010, a number of cross-coupling reactions involving organozinc derivatives and transition metal catalysts (Pd, Ni, Fe, Co, Cu, ...) has been tuned up to form C-C bonds. This book on "Organozinc derivatives and transition metal catalysts" has been written by experts in the field and is a complement to the book entitled "Grignard reagents and transition metal catalysts" (a De Gruyter book, edited by J. Cossy). Grignard reagents or organozinc reagents, that is the question? From a given substrate, what is the best organometallic reagent and the best transition metal to form a C-C bond by using a cross-coupling reaction? The solution might be found in these two books.
The state-of-the-art in stereoselective synthesis! Thoroughly revised and updated, this enlarged second edition offers a plethora of valuable information on methods and reagents in stereoselective synthesis. Methods have been selected for high efficiency and selectivity; mechanistic aspects are treated succinctly, with a strong emphasis on practical applications. For this new edition, material has been added on * homogeneous diastereoselective hydrogenations * enantioselective oxidations * novel, efficient chiral auxiliaries Much of the information given is presented in figures and tables, which makes the book a valuable reference work for the practically minded organic chemist. From reviews of the first edition: 'The extensive material in the volume should prove particularly useful to anyone involved in synthetic chemistry or teaching a course in organic chemistry.' Journal of Medicinal Chemistry 'With nearly 1400 references cited, the book contains a wealth of information and should be a useful addition to the chemist's library.' The American Scientist
The major emphasis here is on enantioselective reactions using asymmetric catalysts. Examples from the total synthesis of various natural and unnatural targets validates the utility of the synthetic methods. Specific topics discussed: cycloaddition, cycloisomerization and sigmatropic rearrangement reactions, allylic and carbonyl functionalization reactions, metal-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions, desymmetrization, fluorination, polymerization and sulfide oxidation reactions. This volume is part of a 3-volume set: Science of Synthesis Stereoselective Synthesis Workbench Edition Further information about Stereoselective Synthesis (including sample pages and the table of contents)
In 1972, a very powerful catalytic cycle for carbon-carbon bond formation was 2 first discovered by the coupling reaction of Grignard reagents at the sp -carbon. Over the past 30 years, the protocol has been substantially improved and expanded to other coupling reactions of Li,B,N,O,Al,Si,P,S,Cu,Mn,Zn,In,Sn, and Hg compounds. These reactions provided an indispensable and simple methodology for preparative organic chemists. Due to the simplicity and rel- bility in the carbon-carbon, carbon-heteroatom, and carbon-metalloid bo- formations,as well as high efficiency of the catalytic process,the reactions have been widely employed by organic chemists in various fields. Application of the protocol ranges from various syntheses of complex natural products to the preparation of biologically relevant molecules including drugs, and of sup- molecules, and to functional materials. The reactions on solid surfaces allow robot synthesis and combinatorial synthesis. Now, many organic chemists do not hesitate to use transition metal complexes for the transformation of org- ic molecules. Indeed, innumerable organic syntheses have been realized by the catalyzed reactions of transition metal complexes that are not achievable by t- ditional synthetic methods. Among these, the metal-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions have undoubtedly contributed greatly to the development of such a new area of “metal-catalyzed organic syntheses”. An excellent monograph for the cross-coupling reactions and other met- catalyzed C-C bond-forming reactions recently appeared in Metal-catalyzed Cross-coupling Reactions (Wiley-VCH,1998).
Cross-coupling technology has become an indispensable tool for the rapid and efficient synthesis of complex molecules. Over the past few decades a foundational understanding of organometallic chemistry has been laid using palladium and other precious metals. Recent research on first row base metal catalysts such as nickel, cobalt and iron has uncovered new and complementary modes of reactivity compared to their more well-studied precious metal counterparts. While nickel sits one row above palladium on the periodic table, ongoing research has illustrated that nickel possesses a unique reactivity profile. Thus, while nickel is commonly thought of as a cheaper alternative to palladium, research in the field of nickel catalysis has demonstrated far more potential than this. The unique propensity of nickel to undergo single electron chemistry as well as its ability to break strong carbon oxygen bonds make research into nickel reactivity an immensely beneficial endeavor to the fields of inorganic, organometallic and synthetic organic chemistry.Chapter 1 describes the development of a stereospecific Suzuki coupling of benzylic carbamates and pivalates with aryl- and heteroarylboronic esters. The reaction proceeds with selective inversion or retention at the electrophilic carbon, depending on the identity of the ligand used. Tricyclohexylphosphine ligand provides products with retention of configuration at the electrophilic carbon, while an N-heterocyclic carbene ligand SIMes provides products with inversion.Chapter 2 discusses the development of a regio- and stereoselective nickel-catalyzed hydroarylation of alkynes using propargylic carbamates as directing groups. The reaction proceeds under mild reaction conditions using arylboronic acids in the absence of base. A range of heterocycles and functional groups are tolerated under the reaction conditions. Additionally, the method is applied to the synthesis of tamoxifen.Chapter 3 details a nickel-catalyzed cross-electrophile coupling reaction of benzylic esters and aryl halides. Both inter- and intramolecular variants proceed under mild reaction conditions. A range of heterocycles and functional groups are tolerated under the reaction conditions. Additionally, the first example of a stereospecific cross-electrophile coupling of a secondary benzylic ester is described.Chapter 4 presents secondary benzylzinc reagents generated from 2-pyridylcarbinols using a nickel catalyst and diethylzinc. Substrates are activated in situ using a chlorophosphate reagent. Quenching the organozinc reagents allows for facile deoxygenation of 2-pyridylcarbinols in a one-pot reaction with straightforward incorporation of a deuterium label from deuteromethanol. An intramolecular conjugate addition of a secondary benzylzinc reagent with an alpha,beta-unsaturated ester is also demonstrated.
Giovanni Poli, Guillaume Prestat, Frédéric Liron, Claire Kammerer-Pentier: Selectivity in Palladium Catalyzed Allylic Substitution.- Jonatan Kleimark and Per-Ola Norrby: Computational Insights into Palladium-mediated Allylic Substitution Reactions.- Ludovic Milhau, Patrick J. Guiry: Palladium-catalyzed enantioselective allylic substitution.- Wen-Bo Liu, Ji-Bao Xia, Shu-Li You: Iridium-Catalyzed Asymmetric Allylic Substitutions.- Christina Moberg: Molybdenum- and Tungsten-Catalyzed Enantioselective Allylic Substitutions.- Jean-Baptiste Langlois, Alexandre Alexakis: Copper-catalyzed enantioselective allylic substitution.- Jeanne-Marie Begouin, Johannes E. M. N. Klein, Daniel Weickmann, B. Plietker: Allylic Substitutions Catalyzed by Miscellaneous Metals.- Barry M. Trost, Matthew L. Crawley: Enantioselective Allylic Substitutions in Natural Product Synthesis.
“Applied Cross-Coupling Reactions” provides students and teachers of advanced organic chemistry with an overview of the history, mechanisms and applications of cross-coupling reactions. Since the discovery of the transition-metal-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions in 1972, numerous synthetic uses and industrial applications have been developed. The mechanistic studies of the cross-coupling reactions have disclosed that three fundamental reactions: oxidative addition, transmetalation, and reductive elimination, are involved in a catalytic cycle. Cross-coupling reactions have allowed us to produce a variety of compounds for industrial purposes, such as natural products, pharmaceuticals, liquid crystals and conjugate polymers for use in electronic devices. Indeed, the Nobel Prize for Chemistry in 2010 was awarded for work on cross-coupling reactions. In this book, the recent trends in cross-coupling reactions are also introduced from the point of view of synthesis design and catalytic activities of transition-metal catalysts.