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This book reviews recent progress in our understanding of tokamak physics related to steady state operation, and addresses the scientific feasibility of a steady state tokamak fusion power system. It covers the physical principles behind continuous tokamak operation and details the challenges remaining and new lines of research towards the realization of such a system. Following a short introduction to tokamak physics and the fundamentals of steady state operation, later chapters cover parallel and perpendicular transport in tokamaks, MHD instabilities in advanced tokamak regimes, control issues, and SOL and divertor plasmas. A final chapter reviews key enabling technologies for steady state reactors, including negative ion source and NBI systems, Gyrotron and ECRF systems, superconductor and magnet systems, and structural materials for reactors. The tokamak has demonstrated an excellent plasma confinement capability with its symmetry, but has an intrinsic drawback with its pulsed operation with inductive operation. Efforts have been made over the last 20 years to realize steady state operation, most promisingly utilizing bootstrap current. Frontiers in Fusion Research II: Introduction to Modern Tokamak Physics will be of interest to graduate students and researchers involved in all aspects of tokamak science and technology.
Tokamak Reactors for Breakeven: A Critical Study of the Near-Term Fusion Reactor Program presents all possible aspects concerning the Tokamak line of research. This book examines the many significant implications of fusion research programs. Organized into five parts encompassing 29 chapters, this book begins with an overview of the mechanisms of anomalous loss in existing machines. This text then examines the environmental problems related to the use of large quantities of tritium. Other chapters consider the technology of superconducting Tokamak magnets, which provides challenging tasks both for specific developments in laboratories and hardware construction in industry. This book discusses as well the established program goal of the fusion program to develop and demonstrate pure fusion central electric power stations for commercial applications. The final chapter deals with the two types of reactors, namely, the liquid metal fast breeder reactors (LMFBR) and the high temperature reactors (HTR). This book is a valuable resource for scientists, engineers, and technologists.
There has been an increase in interest worldwide in fusion research over the last decade and a half due to the recognition that a large number of new, environmentally attractive, sustainable energy sources will be needed to meet ever increasing demand for electrical energy. Based on a series of course notes from graduate courses in plasma physics and fusion energy at MIT, the text begins with an overview of world energy needs, current methods of energy generation, and the potential role that fusion may play in the future. It covers energy issues such as the production of fusion power, power balance, the design of a simple fusion reactor and the basic plasma physics issues faced by the developers of fusion power. This book is suitable for graduate students and researchers working in applied physics and nuclear engineering. A large number of problems accumulated over two decades of teaching are included to aid understanding.