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All phases of road developmentâ€"from construction and use by vehicles to maintenanceâ€"affect physical and chemical soil conditions, water flow, and air and water quality, as well as plants and animals. Roads and traffic can alter wildlife habitat, cause vehicle-related mortality, impede animal migration, and disperse nonnative pest species of plants and animals. Integrating environmental considerations into all phases of transportation is an important, evolving process. The increasing awareness of environmental issues has made road development more complex and controversial. Over the past two decades, the Federal Highway Administration and state transportation agencies have increasingly recognized the importance of the effects of transportation on the natural environment. This report provides guidance on ways to reconcile the different goals of road development and environmental conservation. It identifies the ecological effects of roads that can be evaluated in the planning, design, construction, and maintenance of roads and offers several recommendations to help better understand and manage ecological impacts of paved roads.
Incorporating HC 533, session 2008-09
The road network is vital to our nation and a crucial part of the national transport system. The challenge is both to make best use of the network we have, and also to plan ahead to help the economy grow. The Department has just announced the biggest-ever upgrade of our motorways and key A roads. By 2021, spending on road enhancements will have tripled from today's levels, and we will have resurfaced 80% of the network. This white paper presents the next steps as being to: invest in 52 schemes, including 16 new projects; start construction on five major road schemes by April 2014; begin feasibility studies on five problem hotspots on the strategic road network, prioritising solutions; continue with route based strategies for the whole network, to build a next generation of improvements and interventions; consult later this year on turning the Highways Agency into a publicly owned strategic highways company; publish a draft national policy statement for national networks in 2013, with the aim of formally designating the document in 2014; introduce legislation in 2014, providing a stable funding basis for investment and legal powers for the new Highways Agency; and produce the first Road Investment Strategy later this parliament, guaranteeing roads investment to 2021
The question underlying the entirety of this publication is: "How can viable economic corridors be called into existence by dint of government and multilateral support?" The authors answer this question by examining the experience of economic corridor development of different regions from across continents. There are important lessons to be learned for successful corridor development from the experiences of the European Union and South Asia Subregional Economic Cooperation regions. In each case, detailed models were constructed to assess the economic impact of corridor investments. What emerged from a consideration of these two cases (as well as broader discussions) was a framework for evidence-based policy analysis. When key policy makers and stakeholders pursue measurable outcomes for the development of regional economic corridors, the model and data framework (at a standard economic scale of relevance) allows for an investment-relevant development of scenarios, which will be monitored within an effective organizational process. Such a process, with all the elements of an evidence-based policy in place, is highly likely to generate successful economic corridor development, which would realize envisaged opportunities within the regions. Two priority regions in Asia, the Greater Mekong Subregion and the Central Asia Regional Economic Cooperation, face different opportunities.
Provides users of transportation statistics with a comprehensive inventory of transportation data sources to effect easier accessibility and availability of information. Listed by agency, each profile contains the name and type of the data source, mode (area of transportation relating to the source), abstract, source of data, attributes, significant features or limitations, corresponding printed source, sponsoring organization, performing organization, availability, and contact for additional information. Indexed alphabetically and by mode.
The goals of this book are to update information on the effects of rural road development, both in Nepal and globally, explain the environmental, socioeconomic, and sociocultural impacts of expanding rural road networks in the Nepalese Himalaya, and to promote further studies on rural road development throughout the world based on studies and investigations performed in Nepal. Readers will learn about the history of rural road development, as well as the challenges to effectively design and construct rural roads and how these obstacles may be overcome. Chapter one offers a global review of road development, and both the positive and negative impacts of rural road implementation. Chapter two defines mobilities within the context of coupled social and ecological systems, specifically in the Nepalese Himalaya. Chapters three through five detail the environmental, socioeconomic, and sociocultural impacts expanding rural road networks through several case studies. The concluding chapter summarizes the findings of the book, discussing the need for interdisciplinary cooperation and collaboration to avoid negative consequences. This book will be of interest to teachers, researchers, policy makers, and development organizations.