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This Forest Service report presents the statistical theory of inventory & monitoring from a probabilistic point of view. It starts with the basics & shows the interrelationships between designs & estimators illustrating the methods with a small artificial population as well as with a mapped realistic population. For such applications, useful open source software is given in Appendix 4. Various sources of ancillary information are described & applications of the sampling strategies are discussed. Classical & bootstrap variance estimators are also discussed. Numerous problems with solutions are given, often based on the experiences of the authors. Key additional references are cited. Illustrated.
This book presents statistical knowledge, and methodology of sampling and data analysis specifically for spatial inventory and monitoring of local natural resources. The text shows how statistical methodology can be embedded in real-life spatial inventory and monitoring projects. The book functions as a design guide for efficient sampling schemes and monitoring systems can be designed, consistent with the aims and constraints of the project.
Written by renowned experts in the field, Sampling Strategies for Natural Resources and the Environment covers the sampling techniques used in ecology, forestry, environmental science, and natural resources. The book presents methods to estimate aggregate characteristics on a per unit area basis as well as on an elemental basis. In addition to comm
Part 1: Introduction Chapter 1: What is Natural Resources Research? Chapter 2: At Least Read This. Chapter 3: Sidetracks Part 2: Planning Chapter 4: Introduction to Research Planning Chapter 5: Concepts Underlying Experiments Chapter 6: Sampling Concepts Chapter 7: Surveys and Studies of Human Subjects Chapter 8: Surveying Land and Natural Populations Chapter 9: Planning Effective Experiments Part 3: Data Management Chapter 10: Data Management Issues and Problems Chapter 11: Use of Spreadsheet Packages Chapter 12: The Role of a Database Package Chapter 13: Developing a Data Management Strategy Chapter 14: Use of Statistical Software Part 4: Analysis Chapter 15: Analysis - Aims and Approaches Chapter 16: The DIY Toolbox - General Ideas 16.1 Opening the Toolbox 221 Chapter 17: Analysis of Survey Data Chapter 18: Analysis of Experimental Data Chapter 19: General Linear Models Chapter 20: The Craftsman's Toolbox Chapter 21: Informative Presentation of Tables, Graphs and Statistics Part 5: Where Next? Chapter 22: Current Trends and their Implications for Good Practice Chapter 23: Resources and Further Reading.
This book discusses a broad range of statistical design and analysis methods that are particularly well suited to pollution data. It explains key statistical techniques in easy-to-comprehend terms and uses practical examples, exercises, and case studies to illustrate procedures. Dr. Gilbert begins by discussing a space-time framework for sampling pollutants. He then shows how to use statistical sample survey methods to estimate average and total amounts of pollutants in the environment, and how to determine the number of field samples and measurements to collect for this purpose. Then a broad range of statistical analysis methods are described and illustrated. These include: * determining the number of samples needed to find hot spots * analyzing pollution data that are lognormally distributed * testing for trends over time or space * estimating the magnitude of trends * comparing pollution data from two or more populations New areas discussed in this sourcebook include statistical techniques for data that are correlated, reported as less than the measurement detection limit, or obtained from field-composited samples. Nonparametric statistical analysis methods are emphasized since parametric procedures are often not appropriate for pollution data. This book also provides an illustrated comprehensive computer code for nonparametric trend detection and estimation analyses as well as nineteen statistical tables to permit easy application of the discussed statistical techniques. In addition, many publications are cited that deal with the design of pollution studies and the statistical analysis of pollution data. This sourcebook will be a useful tool for applied statisticians, ecologists, radioecologists, hydrologists, biologists, environmental engineers, and other professionals who deal with the collection, analysis, and interpretation of pollution in air, water, and soil.
This book presents the state-of-the-art of forest resources assessments and monitoring. It provides links to practical applications of forest and natural resource assessment programs. It offers an overview of current forest inventory systems and discusses forest mensuration, sampling techniques, remote sensing applications, geographic and forest information systems, and multi-resource forest inventory. Attention is also given to the quantification of non-wood goods and services.
"Describes the application of statistical methods in different environmental fields, with an emphasis on how to solve real-world problems in complex systems"--Provided by publisher.
Presenting a nonmathematical approach to this topic, Statistics for Environmental Science and Management introduces frequently used statistical methods and practical applications for the environmental field. This second edition features updated references and examples along with new and expanded material on data quality objectives, the generalized linear model, spatial data analysis, and Monte Carlo risk assessment. Additional topics covered include environmental monitoring, impact assessment, censored data, environmental sampling, the role of statistics in environmental science, assessing site reclamation, and drawing conclusions from data.
Sampling consists of selection, acquisition, and quantification of a part of the population. While selection and acquisition apply to physical sampling units of the population, quantification pertains only to the variable of interest, which is a particular characteristic of the sampling units. A sampling procedure is expected to provide a sample that is representative with respect to some specified criteria. Composite sampling, under idealized conditions, incurs no loss of information for estimating the population means. But an important limitation to the method has been the loss of information on individual sample values, such as, the extremely large value. In many of the situations where individual sample values are of interest or concern, composite sampling methods can be suitably modified to retrieve the information on individual sample values that may be lost due to compositing. This book presents statistical solutions to issues that arise in the context of applications of composite sampling.