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Statistical Aspects of the Microbiological Examination of Foods, Third Edition, updates some important statistical procedures following intensive collaborative work by many experts in microbiology and statistics, and corrects typographic and other errors present in the previous edition. Following a brief introduction to the subject, basic statistical concepts and procedures are described including both theoretical and actual frequency distributions that are associated with the occurrence of microorganisms in foods. This leads into a discussion of the methods for examination of foods and the sources of statistical and practical errors associated with the methods. Such errors are important in understanding the principles of measurement uncertainty as applied to microbiological data and the approaches to determination of uncertainty. The ways in which the concept of statistical process control developed many years ago to improve commercial manufacturing processes can be applied to microbiological examination in the laboratory. This is important in ensuring that laboratory results reflect, as precisely as possible, the microbiological status of manufactured products through the concept and practice of laboratory accreditation and proficiency testing. The use of properly validated standard methods of testing and the verification of 'in house' methods against internationally validated methods is of increasing importance in ensuring that laboratory results are meaningful in relation to development of and compliance with established microbiological criteria for foods. The final chapter of the book reviews the uses of such criteria in relation to the development of and compliance with food safety objectives. Throughout the book the theoretical concepts are illustrated in worked examples using real data obtained in the examination of foods and in research studies concerned with food safety. - Includes additional figures and tables together with many worked examples to illustrate the use of specific procedures in the analysis of data obtained in the microbiological examination of foods - Offers completely updated chapters and six new chapters - Brings the reader up to date and allows easy access to individual topics in one place - Corrects typographic and other errors present in the previous edition
Presenting a practitioner's guide to capabilities and best practices of quality control systems using the R programming language, this volume emphasizes accessibility and ease-of-use through detailed explanations of R code as well as standard statistical methodologies. In the interest of reaching the widest possible audience of quality-control professionals and statisticians, examples throughout are structured to simplify complex equations and data structures, and to demonstrate their applications to quality control processes, such as ISO standards. The volume balances its treatment of key aspects of quality control, statistics, and programming in R, making the text accessible to beginners and expert quality control professionals alike. Several appendices serve as useful references for ISO standards and common tasks performed while applying quality control with R.
A Practical Guide from Top-Level Industry Scientists As advanced teaching and training in the development of cementitious materials increase, the need has emerged for an up-to-date practical guide to the field suitable for graduate students and junior and general practitioners. Get the Best Use of Different Techniques and Interpretations of the Results This edited volume provides the cement science community with a state-of-the-art overview of analytical techniques used in cement chemistry to study the hydration and microstructure of cements. Each chapter focuses on a specific technique, not only describing the basic principles behind the technique, but also providing essential, practical details on its application to the study of cement hydration. Each chapter sets out present best practice, and draws attention to the limitations and potential experimental pitfalls of the technique. Databases that supply examples and that support the analysis and interpretation of the experimental results strengthen a very valuable ready reference. Utilizing the day-to-day experience of practical experts in the field, this book: Covers sample preparation issues Discusses commonly used techniques for identifying and quantifying the phases making up cementitious materials (X-ray diffraction and thermogravimetric analysis) Presents good practice oncalorimetry and chemical shrinkage methods for studying cement hydration kinetics Examines two different applications of nuclear magnetic resonance (solid state NMR and proton relaxometry) Takes a look at electron microscopy, the preeminent microstructural characterization technique for cementitious materials Explains how to use and interpret mercury intrusion porosimetry Details techniques for powder characterization of cementitious materials Outlines the practical application of phase diagrams for hydrated cements Avoid common pitfalls by using A Practical Guide to Microstructural Analysis of Cementitious Materials. A one-of-a-kind reference providing the do’s and don’ts of cement chemistry, the book presents the latest research and development of characterisation techniques for cementitious materials, and serves as an invaluable resource for practicing professionals specializing in cement and concrete materials and other areas of cement and concrete technology.
Developing safety regulations for pesticides used around the world—in excess of 2.5 million tons annually—requires reliable analytical methods for assessing their impact in food and in the environment. Analysis of Pesticides in Food and Environmental Samples presents the most effective techniques for analyzing pesticide residues and other chemical contaminants in foods as well as in soil, water, and air. Renowned Scientists Report New Data and Advances in the Field The book introduces sample preparation, extraction, and analytical methods specific to each sample type, including foods from vegetal and animal origin. Other chapters discuss important aspects of quality assurance and the applicability of hyphenated analytical techniques. In addition to a practical chapter on the use of biosensors and immunoassays for monitoring and gathering exposure data, the book addresses regulatory aspects and presents current data on the levels of pesticides found in food and environmental matrices. Latest Methods Help Scientists Develop Safer, More Effective Pesticides Analysis of Pesticides in Food and Environmental Samples enables scientists to measure and predict the behavior and toxicity of pesticides with a higher degree of accuracy. The methodologies and insight in this timely work will contribute to the development of more effective, less toxic pesticides as well as better safety regulations.
This manual provides comprehensive information and practical guidelines to assist farmers, producers and all stakeholders along the feed value chain to comply with the requirements of the Codex Alimentarius Code of Practice on Good Animal Feeding. The application of the Code is an important step for the expansion of international trade of feed and products of animal origin. Both feed/food exporting and importing countries can benefit from a greater and safer trade of feed and products of animal origins. This manual is intended to guide managers of feedmills, the feed industry as a whole and on-farm feed mixers and producers. It will also be of value to national competent authorities, in particular those engaged in feed inspection, in their supervisory roles. It can also serve as a training manual and a guide to setting up national feed associations.
This book provides a serious introduction to the subject of mass spectrometry, providing the reader with the tools and information to be well prepared to perform such demanding work in a real-life laboratory. This essential tool bridges several subjects and many disciplines including pharmaceutical, environmental and biomedical analysis that are utilizing mass spectrometry: Covers all aspects of the use of mass spectrometry for quantitation purposes Written in textbook style to facilitate understanding of this topic Presents fundamentals and real-world examples in a ‘learning-though-doing’ style
This book provides a critical overview of analytical methods used for the determination of pesticide residues and other contaminants in food and environmental samples by modern instrumental analysis. It contains up-to-date material including recent trends in sample preparation, general methods used for pesticide analysis and quality assurance aspects, and chromatographic and immunoassay methods. The rest of the book describes particular analytical methods used for the determination of pesticides in food and soil, water and air. In addition, the levels of these chemicals found in food, their regulatory aspects and the monitoring of pesticides in the environment are described.
The book covers in particular state-of-the-art scientific research about product quality control and related health and environmental safety topics, including human, animal and plant safety assurance issues. These conference proceedings provide contemporary information on the general theoretical, metrological and practical issues of the production and application of reference materials. Reference materials play an integral role in physical, chemical and related type of measurements, ensuring their uniformity, comparability and the validity of quantitative analysis as well as, as a result, the objectivity of decisions concerning the elimination of technical barriers in commercial and economic, scientific and technical and other spheres of cooperation. The book is intended for researchers and practitioners in the field of chemistry, metrologists, technical physics, as well as for specialists in analytical laboratories, or working for companies and organizations involved in the production, distribution and use of reference materials.
Analytical chemical results touch everyones lives can we eat the food? do I have a disease? did the defendant leave his DNA at the crime scene? should I invest in that gold mine? When a chemist measures something how do we know that the result is appropriate? What is fit for purpose in the context of analytical chemistry? Many manufacturing and service companies have embraced traditional statistical approaches to quality assurance, and these have been adopted by analytical chemistry laboratories. However the right chemical answer is never known, so there is not a direct parallel with the manufacture of ball bearings which can be measured and assessed. The customer of the analytical services relies on the quality assurance and quality control procedures adopted by the laboratory. It is the totality of the QA effort, perhaps first brought together in this text, that gives the customer confidence in the result. QA in the Analytical Chemistry Laboratory takes the reader through all aspects of QA, from the statistical basics and quality control tools to becoming accredited to international standards. The latest understanding of concepts such as measurement uncertainty and metrological traceability are explained for a working chemist or her client. How to design experiments to optimize an analytical process is included, together with the necessary statistics to analyze the results. All numerical manipulation and examples are given as Microsoft Excel spreadsheets that can be implemented on any personal computer. Different kinds of interlaboratory studies are explained, and how a laboratory is judged in proficiency testing schemes is described. Accreditation to ISO 17025 or OECD GLP is nearly obligatory for laboratories of any pretension to quality. Here the reader will find an introduction to the requirements and philosophy of accreditation. Whether completing a degree course in chemistry or working in a busy analytical laboratory, this book is a single source for an introduction into quality assurance.