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STATIC HEADSPACE-GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY THE ONLY REFERENCE TO PROVIDE BOTH CURRENT AND THOROUGH COVERAGE OF THIS IMPORTANT ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUE Static headspace-gas chromatography (HS-GC) is an indispensable technique for analyzing volatile organic compounds, enabling the analyst to assay a variety of sample matrices while avoiding the costly and time-consuming preparation involved with traditional GC. Static Headspace-Gas Chromatography: Theory and Practice has long been the only reference to provide in-depth coverage of this method of analysis. The Second Edition has been thoroughly updated to reflect the most recent developments and practices, and also includes coverage of solid-phase microextraction (SPME) and the purge-and-trap technique. Chapters cover: Principles of static and dynamic headspace analysis, including the evolution of HS-GC methods and regulatory methods using static HS-GC Basic theory of headspace analysis—physicochemical relationships, sensitivity, and the principles of multiple headspace extraction HS-GC techniques—vials, cleaning, caps, sample volume, enrichment, and cryogenic techniques Sample handling Cryogenic HS-GC Method development in HS-GC Nonequilibrium static headspace analysis Determination of physicochemical functions such as vapor pressures, activity coefficients, and more Comprehensive and focused, Static Headspace-Gas Chromatography, Second Edition provides an excellent resource to help the reader achieve optimal chromatographic results. Practical examples with original data help readers to master determinations in a wide variety of areas, such as forensic, environmental, pharmaceutical, and industrial applications.
This volume provides a description of the various techniques used for quantitative analysis, of the applications in pollution control (air, water and soil) and of the applications in food packaging and in food quality control. A brief theory of headspace sampling is also provided.
STATIC HEADSPACE-GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY THE ONLY REFERENCE TO PROVIDE BOTH CURRENT AND THOROUGH COVERAGE OF THIS IMPORTANT ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUE Static headspace-gas chromatography (HS-GC) is an indispensable technique for analyzing volatile organic compounds, enabling the analyst to assay a variety of sample matrices while avoiding the costly and time-consuming preparation involved with traditional GC. Static Headspace-Gas Chromatography: Theory and Practice has long been the only reference to provide in-depth coverage of this method of analysis. The Second Edition has been thoroughly updated to reflect the most recent developments and practices, and also includes coverage of solid-phase microextraction (SPME) and the purge-and-trap technique. Chapters cover: Principles of static and dynamic headspace analysis, including the evolution of HS-GC methods and regulatory methods using static HS-GC Basic theory of headspace analysis—physicochemical relationships, sensitivity, and the principles of multiple headspace extraction HS-GC techniques—vials, cleaning, caps, sample volume, enrichment, and cryogenic techniques Sample handling Cryogenic HS-GC Method development in HS-GC Nonequilibrium static headspace analysis Determination of physicochemical functions such as vapor pressures, activity coefficients, and more Comprehensive and focused, Static Headspace-Gas Chromatography, Second Edition provides an excellent resource to help the reader achieve optimal chromatographic results. Practical examples with original data help readers to master determinations in a wide variety of areas, such as forensic, environmental, pharmaceutical, and industrial applications.
Headspace gas analysis is an analytical technique that has been successfully applied to food flavors for over 20 years but has experienced a resurgence of interest and innovation in recent years. In its truest form, headspace analysis represents the direct collection and analysis of the mixture of vapors in the space immediately above a food or beverage. The technique offers several advantages for workers interested in how a product smells and ultimately tastes. It offers the advantages of speed, simplicity, and, more importantly, represents the aroma profile a consumer is likely to experience just before consuming the product. Since only volatile components are collected, the sample is totally free of nonvolatile residues which commonly plague comparison liquid-liquid extracts of the same product. This is the first book devoted to headspace analysis in foods and beverages in more than 20 years. The publication contains chapters on the basic theory of headspace analysis, as well as the theory and application of newly developed headspace techniques, such as solid phase micro extraction, SPME and electronic noses. New concentrating and desorption techniques are described in addition to a raft of food applications including tomato and citrus juices, alcoholic beverages, baguettes, dairy products, lipids, grill flavoring, baked potato, and meat. Chapters on off-flavors as well as aroma-food matrix interactions are also included. "This is the bible of headspace analysis. If you are involved in, or planning on becoming involved, or want to learn more about, this incredible subject , then buy this book immediately!" – Aubrey Parsons, governing council member, International Union for Food Science and Technology
A practical guide to using and maintaining an LC/MS system The combination of liquid chromatography (LC) and mass spectrometry(MS) has become the laboratory tool of choice for a broad range ofindustries that require the separation, analysis, and purificationof mixtures of organic compounds. LC/MS: A Practical User's Guide provides LC/MS users with aneasy-to-use, hands-on reference that focuses on the practicalapplications of LC/MS and introduces the equipment and techniquesneeded to use LC/MS successfully. Following a thorough explanationof the basic components and operation of the LC/MS system, theauthor presents empirical methods for optimizing the techniques,maintaining the instrumentation, and choosing the appropriate MS orLC/MS analyzer for any given problem. LC/MS covers everything users need to know about: The latest equipment, including quadrupole, time-of-flight, andion trap analyzers Cutting-edge processes, such as preparing HPLC mobile phasesand samples; handling and maintaining a wide variety of silica,zirconium, and polymeric separation columns; interpreting andquantifying mass spectral data; and using MS interfaces Current and future applications in the pharmaceutical andagrochemical industries, biotechnology, clinical research,environmental studies, and forensics An accompanying PowerPoint® slide-set on CD-ROM provides vitalteaching tools for instructors and new equipment operators.Abundantly illustrated and easily accessible, the text is designedto help students and practitioners acquire optimum proficiency inthis powerful and rapidly advancing analytical application.
Gas chromatography is widely used in applications involving food analysis. Typical applications pertain to the quantitative and/or qualitative analysis of food composition, natural products, food additives, and flavour and aroma components. Providing an up-to-date look at the significant advances in the technology, this book includes details on novel sample preparation processes; conventional, high-speed multidimensional gas chromatography systems, including preparative instrumentation; gas chromatography–olfactometry principles; and, finally, chemometrics principles and applications in food analysis. Aimed at providing the food researcher or analyst with detailed analytical information related to advanced gas chromatography technologies, this book is suitable for professionals and postgraduate students learning about the technique in the food industry and research.
The New Edition of the Well-Regarded Handbook on Gas Chromatography Since the publication of the highly successful first edition of Basic Gas Chromatography, the practice of chromatography has undergone several notable developments. Basic Gas Chromatography, Second Edition covers the latest in the field, giving readers the most up-to-date guide available, while maintaining the first edition's practical, applied approach to the subject and its accessibility to a wide range of readers. The text provides comprehensive coverage of basic topics in the field, such as stationary phases, packed columns and inlets, capillary columns and inlets, detectors, and qualitative and quantitative analysis. At the same time, the coverage also features key additions and updated topics including: Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) Sampling methods Multidimensional gas chromatography Fast gas chromatography Gas chromatography analysis of nonvolatile compounds Inverse gas chromatography and pyrolysis gas chromatography Along with these new and updated topics, the references, resources, and Web sites in Basic Gas Chromatography have been revised to reflect the state of the field. Concise and fundamental in its coverage, Basic Gas Chromatography, Second Edition remains the standard handbook for everyone from undergraduates studying analytical chemistry to working industrial chemists.
Static Headspace-Gas Chromatography Theory and Practice Bruno Kolb * Leslie S. Ettre Static (equilibrium) headspace-gas chromatography (static HS-GC) offers a reliable, simple, and accurate way to quantitate volatile compounds in liquid and solid matrices. The technique is being used in increasingly more analytical laboratories in a variety of industries because it enables high sample turnaround, automated high-performance GC analysis, and automated and unattended sample clean-up by gas extraction, while avoiding laborious sample preparation. Static Headspace-Gas Chromatography provides the most thorough and current treatment available on this technique. The book covers the theory of headspace sampling as related to selection of the operational parameters, describes quantitative calibration techniques, and presents, and presents detailed methods, all adapted for automation. It includes many examples of proven practical applications-complete with original data-from the most important applications of static HS-GC in environmental analysis, polymers, packaging, pharmaceuticals, and food analysis.
In addition to capillary gas chromatography and GC-MS, carbon-13 NMR spectroscopy provides an alternative method for essential oils analysis. The excellent visual spacing of the signals enables oil samples to be analyzed without preliminary separation of their components. Also, information relating to the molecular structure of the oil constituents can be ascertained from the measured chemical shifts. This second edition clearly demonstrates the power of the technique in the characterization of essential oils, based on 60 sample oils chosen for their industrial importance together with the 188 carbon-13 NMR spectra of significant components. Supporting data are presented using capillary gas chromatography. Key features of the Second Edition: * 18 new essential oils are included, five oils are replaced and five oils with less or little importance are deleted * Revision of numerous analyses taken over from the 1st edition * Capillary gas chromatograms of 60 commercially important essential oils * Qualitative and quantitative analytical results of those essential oils * Carbon-13 NMR analyses of those essential oils without separation of their components * Carbon-13 NMR spectra of 188 most important oil constituents are given (67 are new in the 2nd edition) This collection of 13C NMR and GC data is aimed at essential oils and natural products chemists, NMR research groups, university departments of chemistry, pharmacy, botany, and food science, as well as those working in the essential oils, perfumes, flavours and food technology industries.
The book covers a vast array of methods for the analysis of volatile compounds exuded by plants. Some of these volatiles are of great commercial importance, including the aromas of wines and teas, and volatiles in fruits. Other volatiles such as essential oils can be useful for chemotaxonomic purposes, and a chapter on an emerging method, that of chemometric analysis of such data, is included. Isoprene and ammonia rarely find a place in analytical methods presented for plant materials, but methods for these volatiles are described in this book. The volatiles given off by flowers are also included, and in situ headspace analysis of these volatiles is described, a method of potential use for the study of insect-plant interactions.