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Over the past 20 years, the Transport and Road Research Laboratory has carried out a co-ordinated programme of fatigue testing, including work on the fatigue performance of reinforced and pre-stressed concrete beams. The research has led to a better understanding of the fatigue behaviour of plain concrete, the various types of reinforcing bars in air and concrete, continuous welded, lapped and coupled bars, and the effects of corrosion. The work of TRRL and many other organizations is reviewed and a summary of current design rules with recommendations for assessing the fatigue life of new structures in service is given.
High Strength/High Performance Concrete (HSC/HPC) continues to be the object of particular interest and extensive research, and its use in construction is increasing continuously. fib Bulletin 42 summarises the available information on the material behaviour of HSC/HPC, and develops a set of code-type constitutive relations as an extension of CEB-FIP Model Code 1990. Literature on experimental data and international guidelines, standards and recommendations were reviewed, and already-existing constitutive relations and models were evaluated. In addition to a number of material laws chosen and adjusted for this report, some new constitutive relations were developed based on the collected data. The criteria for the choice of the existing relations as well as the development of the new constitutive relations involved their simplicity and operationality (code-type mathematical formulations). Furthermore, they had to be physically sound and if possible describe the behaviour of both high-performance and normal strength concretes by a unique relation. Finally, compliance with the specifications given in the CEB-FIP Model Code 1990 was examined. This State-of-art report is intended for engineers and represents a summary of the relevant knowledge available to and possessed by the members of the Task Group at the time of its drafting.
This state-of-the-art report summarizes the results of an extensive search and review of available literature on the mechanical properties of concrete, with particular reference to high performance concrete for highway applications. Included in the review and discussion are the behavior of plastic concrete as well as the strength and deformation characteristics of hardened concrete. Both short-term and long-term effects are considered. Based on the review of the available information, research needs are identified. It is concluded that much research is needed to develop data on the strength and durability properties of concrete which develops high strength, particularly very early strength.
The fatigue strength of concrete is an important factor in the design of certain structures, particularly those associated with transportation functions. A considerable body of research has been developed on fatigue using specimens subjected to uniaxial loadings. The purpose of this project was to study concrete subjected to a state of biaxial fatigue loading. This report describes the development of equipment to apply such loading and to measure its effect.