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This paper explores social welfare and the border and seeks to identify some of the steps that must be taken in order to arrive at alternative ways of shaping political and social reality - a reality in which territorial borders no longer give rise to, maintain and simultaneously justify the most glaring examples of entrenched social division and hierarchy, both globally and locally. The paper claims that border controls can be significantly relaxed once global inequalities are drastically reduced. As this would require rich and powerful states to engage seriously with the way in which economic, social and military relations of dependency contribute to structural global inequalities, one could easily discard this scenario as utopian. However, it is argued that the first steps towards precisely such engagement can be wrested from these states by forcing them to justify the exercise of border control in a context of global inequality. This can be achieved by making the power to control the border accountable and measurable through the application of socioeconomic rights to its exercise. If states can no longer play the trump of territorial sovereignty as a 'black box permitting the pursuit of public interests without the need for justification', the power to exclude immigrants in order to protect social justice within the state will lose its self evidence, forcing states to engage with issues of global justice in defending and legitimising their border control policies. At the same time, they will have an immediate practical interest in reducing global inequality, because the socioeconomic rights of (would-be) immigrants will block the unfettered exercise of the power of border control, and as a result borders will become porous. Concerns over the implications of immigration for the provision of public goods and welfare within the state will then have to be assuaged in a different way: by addressing the root causes of global inequality.
This book is a collection of articles by anthropologists and social scientists concerned with gendered labour, care, intimacy and sexuality, in relation to mobility and the hardening of borders in Europe. Interrogating the relation between physical, geopolitical borders and ideological, conceptual boundaries, this book offers a range of vivid and original ethnographic case studies that will capture the imagination of anyone interested in gendered migration, policies of inclusion and exclusion, and regulation of reproduction and intimacy. The first part of the book presents ethnographic and phenomenological discussions of people’s changing lives as they cross borders, how people shift, transgress and reshape moral boundaries of proper gender and kinship behaviour, and moral economies of intimacy and sexuality. In the second section, the focus turns to migrants’ navigation of social and financial services in their destination countries, putting questions about rights and limitations on citizenship at the core. The final part of the book scrutinises policy formation at the level of state, examining the ways that certain domains become politicised and disputed at different historical junctures, while others are left outside of the political.
This book provides a philosophical defence of open borders. Two policy dogmas are the right of sovereign states to restrict immigration and the infeasibility of opening borders. These dogmas persist in face of the human suffering caused by border controls and in spite of a global economy where the mobility of goods and capital is combined with severe restrictions on the movement of most of the world’s poor. Alex Sager argues that immigration restrictions violate human rights and sustain unjust global inequalities, and that we should reject these dogmas that deprive hundreds of millions of people of opportunities solely because of their place of birth. Opening borders would promote human freedom, foster economic prosperity, and mitigate global inequalities. Sager contends that studies of migration from economics, history, political science, and other disciplines reveal that open borders are a feasible goal for political action, and that citizens around the world have a moral obligation to work toward open borders.
Aims to provide a guide for peacemaking at the territorial borders of the nation state Employs an innovative 'preferred futures' methodology Will be of interest to students of border studies, migration studies, peace studies, critical security and IR
The freedom to choose where to live and work is a fundamental right in liberal societies. The moral equality of persons is the basic principle of democratic politics. But liberal democracy has no coherent theory of boundaries, or how members should be selected for political communities. The global economy requires mobility across borders, but liberal democracy cannot reconcile the demands of footloose and rivalrous economic agents with the human needs of sedentary and vulnerable populations. These are urgent issues for the new century, as the upsurge of nationalist, authoritarian and racist movements threatens the liberal democratic order. Mass migrations in search of political freedom and economic opportunity expose incoherence in states' policies, and in theories of equality and justice. Whilst globalization allows new opportunities for mobility and membership in a chosen community, claims for income support or humanitarian protection are viewed as signs of moral defectiveness. In this book, Bill Jordan and Franck Duvell offer an alternative to market-driven regimes for migration management, which select those able to make economic contributions, whilst confining vulnerable outsiders to impoverished and excluded communities of fate.
State borders regulate cross-border mobility and determine peoples' chances to travel, work, and study across the globe. This book looks at how global mobility is defined by borders in 2011 in comparison to the 1970s. The authors trace the transformation of OECD-state borders in recent decades and show how borders have become ever more selective.
The implications for criminology of territorial borders are relatively unexplored. This book presents the first systematic attempt to develop a critical criminology of borders, offering a unique treatment of the impact of globalisation and mobility. Providing a wealth of case material from Australia, Europe and North America, it is useful for students, academics, and practitioners working in criminology, migration, human geography, international law and politics, globalisation, sociology and cultural anthropology.
Compelling and accessible, this Very Short Introduction challenges the perception of borders as passive lines on a map, revealing them instead to be integral forces in the economic, social, political, and environmental processes that shape our lives. Highlighting the historical development and continued relevance of borders, Alexander Diener and Joshua Hagen offer a powerful counterpoint to the idea of an imminent borderless world, underscoring the impact borders have on a range of issues, such as economic development, inter- and intra-state conflict, global terrorism, migration, nationalism, international law, environmental sustainability, and natural resource management. Diener and Hagen demonstrate how and why borders have been, are currently, and will undoubtedly remain hot topics across the social sciences and in the global headlines for years to come. This compact volume will appeal to a broad, interdisciplinary audience of scholars and students, including geographers, political scientists, anthropologists, sociologists, historians, international relations and law experts, as well as lay readers interested in understanding current events.
In the United States, some populations suffer from far greater disparities in health than others. Those disparities are caused not only by fundamental differences in health status across segments of the population, but also because of inequities in factors that impact health status, so-called determinants of health. Only part of an individual's health status depends on his or her behavior and choice; community-wide problems like poverty, unemployment, poor education, inadequate housing, poor public transportation, interpersonal violence, and decaying neighborhoods also contribute to health inequities, as well as the historic and ongoing interplay of structures, policies, and norms that shape lives. When these factors are not optimal in a community, it does not mean they are intractable: such inequities can be mitigated by social policies that can shape health in powerful ways. Communities in Action: Pathways to Health Equity seeks to delineate the causes of and the solutions to health inequities in the United States. This report focuses on what communities can do to promote health equity, what actions are needed by the many and varied stakeholders that are part of communities or support them, as well as the root causes and structural barriers that need to be overcome.
Since 1965 the foreign-born population of the United States has swelled from 9.6 million or 5 percent of the population to 45 million or 14 percent in 2015. Today, about one-quarter of the U.S. population consists of immigrants or the children of immigrants. Given the sizable representation of immigrants in the U.S. population, their health is a major influence on the health of the population as a whole. On average, immigrants are healthier than native-born Americans. Yet, immigrants also are subject to the systematic marginalization and discrimination that often lead to the creation of health disparities. To explore the link between immigration and health disparities, the Roundtable on the Promotion of Health Equity held a workshop in Oakland, California, on November 28, 2017. This summary of that workshop highlights the presentations and discussions of the workshop.