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Includes entries for maps and atlases.
The main purpose of the book was to analyze heterogeneous political and institutional aspects in the development of such an arguably universal tool of modern democracy as e-government from the perspectives of two nations with completely different systems of governance and traditions of public administration and provide generalizations on objective institutional limitations that indirectly affect the implementation of political and administrative decision-making in this area by governments of the United States and Kazakhstan, representing respectively the typical federal and unitary state. This book is both a policy review and agenda setting research. By applying case studies of e-government strategies in these two different countries both at the national and local levels and analyzing corresponding legal and institutional foundations, it offers ways forward for further hypothesis testing and proposes a road map for e-government practitioners to improve the strategic policy in this area in Kazakhstan and other developing nations. It provides recommendations on how to improve the regulatory and methodological basis for effective implementation of interactive and transactional services as well as how to solve challenges of an organizational character in realization of e-government projects at the national level, for example, by resorting to a promising phenomenon of civic engagement and citizen-sourcing, creation of open data-driven platforms and provision of information security measures, project outreach in social media, etc.
The idea of one's memory "filling up" is a humorous misconception of how memory in general is thought to work; it actually has no capacity limit. However, the idea of a "full brain" makes more sense with reference to working memory, which is the limited amount of information a person can hold temporarily in an especially accessible form for use in the completion of almost any challenging cognitive task. This groundbreaking book explains the evidence supporting Cowan's theoretical proposal about working memory capacity, and compares it to competing perspectives. Cognitive psychologists profoundly disagree on how working memory is limited: whether by the number of units that can be retained (and, if so, what kind of units and how many), the types of interfering material, the time that has elapsed, some combination of these mechanisms, or none of them. The book assesses these hypotheses and examines explanations of why capacity limits occur, including vivid biological, cognitive, and evolutionary accounts. The book concludes with a discussion of the practical importance of capacity limits in daily life. This 10th anniversary Classic Edition will continue to be accessible to a wide range of readers and serve as an invaluable reference for all memory researchers.