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Examining urban environmental issues at the macro, municipal level down to the micro community and individual level, this volume features cities and metropolitan regions across the global north and south with case studies from the United States, Canada, Eastern and Western Europe to India, Central America, South America and Africa.
The Klasse! series offers clearly structured double-page spreads with frequent objectives to give students attainable goals and a good sense of progress. It also offers clear presentation of grammar in the context of the unit topics; a focus on study skills to help students develop essential learning strategies; differentiation through Extra! sections; and Projekt pages which provide opportunities for individual and team work on projects. Regular pronunciation practice and opportunities for ICT are also provided, and Klasse! incorporates the Neue Rechtschreibung so students learn the new spellings from scratch. The series is supported by a free photocopiable booklet to anticipate the transition to the euro in 2002.
This book addresses the highly differentiated spatial, social, cultural and demographic structure(s) of Germany, with a particular focus on the reciprocal relations between different levels of spatial development. The historical development of Germany serves as a background in order to provide context for the development of spatially relevant ideas and ideals (whether in relation to politics, landscape, or culture). In this regard, questions of divergence and convergence become highly salient. The book makes the complexity of spatial and social developments in Germany comprehensible. The neopragmatic approach adopted here allows bringing together different theoretical strands while providing a basis for independent regional geographic research at the same time. Beginning with an overview of the physical structures of Germany which provides the material point of departure for the societal development of Germany, key aspects of the German history are discussed. Particular attention is paid to the reciprocal influence between material substrate and notions of landscape. Here, specific ‘German’ trajectories of aesthetic and normative conceptions of landscape become clear. A common theme throughout the book are questions of divergence and of efforts towards convergence, which become evident when considering past and present economic, political, and demographic developments. Efforts to tackle current challenges, such as adapting to climate change and mitigating it, or securing raw materials, also become apparent. The complexity of spatial processes in Germany is illustrated in case study regions dealing with the challenges of structural change in traditional industrial regions (such as the Ruhr area), or e.g. efforts of Berlin to position and find itself as the capital of a unified Germany. Overall, the book shows how theory-driven regional geographic research can make spatiotemporal complexities tangible and comprehensible.
This book describes and analyses necessities for a more resource-efficient world. It discusses solutions for a more sustainable use of natural resources, addressing decision-makers and experts from the fields of policy development, industry, academia, civil society, and the media. The book presents strategies, concrete ways and examples of achieving more sustainable resource use in practice. Following on from two previous titles published on Factor X by the Umweltbundesamt (German Environment Agency), entitled “Factor X: Policy, Strategies and Instruments for a Sustainable Resource Use” (2013) and “Factor X: Re-source – Designing the Recycling Society” (2014), this book further investigates how savings in natural resources and resource efficiency improvements could be achieved, focusing on good practice examples that cover different resource categories, pursue different efficiency strategies and come from different sectors, e.g. innovative products or services, technology, man agement approaches, systemic approaches, etc. The background against which this work is done has a highly comprehensive span, from the first Declaration of the Factor X Club in the nineties, to the European Commission’s Roadmap to a Resource Efficient Europe that was published in September 2011, through to the German Federal government’s German Resource Efficiency Programme (ProgRess I and II) in 2012 and 2016, the G7 Alliance for Resource Efficiency, and most recently the development and implementation of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG).
"Dem Herausgeber ist es gelungen, hervorragende Fachleute in einem abgerundeten und, so lasst sich zusammenfassend sagen, wegweisenden Band zur Geschichte der stadtischen Energiefrage im Europa der Neuzeit zusammenzufuhren." Technikgeschichte Inhalt: Dieter Schott: Einfuhrung: Energie und Stadt in Europa. Von der vorindustriellen ,Holznotae bis zur Olkrise der 1970er Jahre Joachim Radkau: Das Ratsel der stadtischen Brennholzversorgung im "holzernen Zeitalter" Bill Luckin: Town, Country and Metropolis: The Formation of an Air Pollution Problem in London, 1800-1870 Jean Lorcin: Le "socialisme municipal" et l'electrification des villes francaises: frein ou accelerateur? Le cas de Saint-Etienne Alexandre Fernandez: La gestion des reseaux electriques par les grandes villes francaises, vers 1880 - vers 1930 Uwe Kuhl: Anfange stadtischer Elektrifizierung in Deutschland und Frankreich Gerhard Melinz: Gas und Elektrizitat als Elemente "stadtischer Leistungsverwaltung"? Kommunalisierungsprozesse und -strategien in Wien, Prag und Budapest im Kontext von politischen und okonomischen Interessen (1860-1918) Dieter Schott: Power for Industry: Electrification and its strategic use for industrial promotion. The case of Mannheim Marjolein aet Hart: Energy supply, energy saving and local government in twentieth century Netherlands. (Franz Steiner 1997)
The material and energy flows that characterized the metabolism of preindustrial and industrial societies were organized through complex infrastructures based on interwoven social and natural elements. Analyzing infrastructures from many methodological and thematic perspectives, the present volume adopts an extensive periodization to identify the undeniable changes caused by industrialization and the persistence of pre-existing features and dynamics. The contributions range from the late Middle Ages to the 1990s and deepen historical characteristics of urban metabolism, the study of energy systems and their transitions, and the management and control of water resources. These reveal the strategies societies and states adopted to transform and adapt their surrounding environment in a constant and challenging equilibrium of diverse interests, whose impact over time has had environmental consequences on a global scale.
he objective of the project was to transform this large mono-functional housing estate into a sustainable, functionally diverse and socially blended urban district with innovative and sustainably organized technical infrastructure systems. The project brought together urban designers, landscape architects and architects as well as specialists in urban water management and energy. While the urban designers focused on differentiation and diversity, on the integration of workplaces and communicative uses, on problems of cautious densification and on a redefinition of public spaces, the architects were concerned with reconstruction measures and potential new uses, well-defined intervention in the existing stock of concrete-slab prefabricated housing, transformation of environment, integration of new housing types in existing construction as well as new construction. The landscape architecture is creating functional open spaces differing in their character and atmosphere, while urban water management and energy specialists, on the other hand, sought to develop concepts of responsible use of resources. The chapter on energy technology presents decentralized solar hot water heating systems, heat recovery from wastewater, radiant heating and controlled ventilation, and shows that CO2-free heating is possible in large housing estates. As for urban water management, its aims are water conservation, water, nutrient and energy recycling and preservation of local water resources. The project presents solutions for dealing with rainwater, grey and black water, for instance an area-integrated black water system, which is able to recycle energy and nutrients. The particular quality of this project consists in the synthesis of the research results of all involved disciplines. The authors build up an example setting for the transformation of a monofunctional dormitory town district into sustainable mixed district. Ziel des Projektes ist die Entwicklung der monofunktionalen Großwohnsiedlung hin zu einem zukunftsfähigen, funktional und sozial gemischten Stadtteil mit innovativen, nachhaltig organisierten Systemen der technischen Infrastruktur. Beteiligte Disziplinen sind: Städtebau, Landschaftsarchitektur und Architektur sowie Siedlungswasserwirtschaft und Energie. Während es im Städtebau um Differenzierung und Vielfalt, Integration von kommunikativen Nutzungen und Arbeitsplätzen, um Fragen einer behutsamen Verdichtung sowie der Neudefinition öffentlicher Räume geht, befasst sich die Fachsparte Architektur mit Möglichkeiten von Umnutzung und Umbau, gezielter Eingriffe in das Plattenbausystem, der Umgestaltung ihres Umfeldes, der Integration neuer Wohnformen im Bestand wie durch Neubauten. Die Landschaftsarchitektur übernimmt die Entwicklung leistungsfähiger Freiräume unterschiedlicher Charaktere und Atmosphären, während die Disziplinen Siedlungswasserwirtschaft und Energie Konzepte eines verantwortungsvollen Umgangs mit den Ressourcen einbringen. Das Kapitel Energietechnik stellt dezentrale Systeme zur solaren Heizwärmeversorgung, Abwasserwärmerückgewinnung, Flächenheizung und kontrollierter Wohnraumlüftung vor und zeigt, dass die CO2-freie Wärmeversorgung von Großsiedlungen möglich ist. Die Ziele der Siedlungswasserwirtschaft: Wassersparen, Wasser-, Nährstoff- und Energierecycling sowie Erhaltung des lokalen Wasserhaushaltes. Es werden Lösungen für den Umgang mit Regen-, Grau- und Schwarzwasser vorgestellt, u.a. ein gebietsintegriertes Schwarzwasserkonzept, dass Nährstoffe und Energie zurückgewinnen kann. Das Projekt versteht sich als städtebaulicher Entwurf, der seine besondere Qualität durch die Synthese der Ergebnisse der beteiligten Fachdisziplinen gewinnt. Die Autoren entwickeln einen Entwurf mit Modellcharakter für die Weiterentwicklung von Stadtrandsiedlungen des industrialisierten Wohnungsbaus.
Governing Compact Cities investigates how governments and other critical actors organise to enable compact urban growth, combining higher urban densities, mixed use and urban design quality with more walkable and public transport-oriented urban development. Philipp Rode draws on empirical evidence from London and Berlin to examine how urban policymakers, professionals and stakeholders have worked across disciplinary silos, geographic scales and different time horizons since the early 1990s.