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Introduction; Review of literature; Welfare implication of price stabilization, a critical review of, and an extension of massel"s model; Cocoa producer response under uncertainty: the role of cocoa marketing boards and cocoa stabilization funds; Cocoa export taxation and economic development; Cocoa marketing boards and domestic stabilization in Nigeria, Ghana, Ivory-coast and cameroun; The fiscal role of the cocoa stabilization fund in cameroun, 1955-1967; Alternatives to export taxation as a main source of government revenues.
First published in 1978. The tax system is one of the instruments said to be available to translate development policy objectives into practice. The wide-ranging papers collected together in this volume, first published in 1978, explore different aspects of the link between national development objectives and the tax system. Attention is particularly focused on traditional aims such as growth, fair distribution and economic stabilisation and development. Articles written by distinguished experts in the fields of public finance and economic development clarify the concepts of taxable capacity and tax effort, and examine the connections between growth and changes within the tax system.
Based on papers presented at the 44th Congress of the international Institute of Public Finance, this book, edited by Vito Tanzi, deals with public finance and macroeconomic policy in open, developing economies, with case studies of Chile, Mexico, Turkey, Korea, and the Arab oil exporting countries.
Does what economies export matter for development? If so, can industrial policies improve on the export basket generated by the market? This book approaches these questions from a variety of conceptual and policy viewpoints. Reviewing the theoretical arguments in favor of industrial policies, the authors first ask whether existing indicators allow policy makers to identify growth-promoting sectors with confidence. To this end, they assess, and ultimately cast doubt upon, the reliability of many popular indicators advocated by proponents of industrial policy. Second, and central to their critique, the authors document extraordinary differences in the performance of countries exporting seemingly identical products, be they natural resources or 'high-tech' goods. Further, they argue that globalization has so fragmented the production process that even talking about exported goods as opposed to tasks may be misleading. Reviewing evidence from history and from around the world, the authors conclude that policy makers should focus less on what is produced, and more on how it is produced. They analyze alternative approaches to picking winners but conclude by favoring 'horizontal-ish' policies--for instance, those that build human capital or foment innovation in existing and future products—that only incidentally favor some sectors over others.
This collection of essays provides background information on U.S. economic policy and reviews the effects of the Reagan economic program. Jacob Dreyer, Gottfried Haberler, and Kenneth Brown believe that budget deficit creates the trade deficit, as foreigners export to the U.S. to acquire dollars for the capital flow that finances U.S. debt. Phillip Cagan finds that the recent disinflation is the result of restrained economic growth amid ample productive capacity. Other contributors review the incentive improvements from the Tax Reform Act of 1986; the dramatic redistribution of fiscal responsibility to state and local government; and the emphasis on the elderly and poor. ISBN 0-8447-3621-X : $27.50.
This annual publication provides details of taxes paid on wages in OECD countries. It covers personal income taxes and social security contributions paid by employees, social security contributions and payroll taxes paid by employers, and cash benefits received by workers. Taxing Wages 2021 includes a special feature entitled: “Impact of COVID-19 on the Tax Wedge in OECD Countries”.
Seventeen in a series of annual reports comparing business regulation in 190 economies, Doing Business 2020 measures aspects of regulation affecting 10 areas of everyday business activity.