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The epoch from the eighth century B.C.E. up to the exile is marked by a great transformation in the society of ancient Judah, as reflected especially in the texts of the pre-exilic prophets. A relatively egalitarian society transforms into a class society, wherein a class of wealthy landowners is opposed to a growing class of impoverished farmers. The main factor in this development is the indebtedness of the farmers. All the forces of society and state are afflicted by this transformation. This book endeavours to describe this transformation as precisely as possible, by examining the prophetical texts , and other biblical and epigraphical materials. Unlike the theories of "annuity capitalism" or "antique development" the work especially stresses the role of the state and its organs in this transformation. Die Zeit vom 8. Jahrhundert bis zum Exil ist die Zeit eines gewaltigen gesellschaftlichen Umbruchs im antiken Juda, wie er sich vor allem in den Texten der vorexilischen Propheten widerspiegelt. Eine relativ egalitäre Gesellschaft transformiert sich in eine Klassengesellschaft, bei der wenige Grundbesitzer einer größer werdenden Klasse verarmter Bauern gegenüberstehen. Von diesem Umbruch, dessen Hauptfaktor die Überschuldung der kleinen Bauern ist, werden alle Kräfte der Gesellschaft und des Staates erfaßt. Die vorliegende Arbeit versucht, anhand der einschlägigen prophetischen Texte, des übrigen biblischen sowie des epigraphischen Materials diesen Umbruch möglichst umfassend zu beschreiben. Anders als bei den gegenwärtig vertretenen Theorien des "Rentenkapitalismus" und der "antiken Entwicklung" wird dabei besonderes Gewicht auf die Rolle des Staates und seiner Organe bei der gesellschaftlichen Umwälzung gelegt. Das Buch wendet sich an Exegeten, die auf dem Feld der Sozialgeschichte Israels, der vorexilischen Prophetie und der althebräischen Epigraphik arbeiten.
This book examines the way in which the story of the flood in Genesis 6-9 presents the ethical question of the value of human life. The sources J and P are examined to see how their combination in the canonical text enhances interpretation. Several themes of the story are studied including the causes of the flood, the righteousness of Noah, God's repentance, creation and uncreation, the covenant and the image of God. The work concludes by arguing that the value of human life is found in man's relation to God (Gen. 9:6).
This monograph deals with an important but unexplored document of Hellenistic Judaism. The question of "Hellenistic influence" is addressed on the basis of an analysis of a representative number of chapters of Septuagint Proverbs (1, 2, 6, 8, 9, 24, 29, 30 and 31). Scholars have argued that this book was influenced extensively by Greek philosophy. The author follows a contextual cultural method. The Greek text is analysed on four levels: the semantic, syntactical, stylistic (which represents the translation technique of the translator), and finally the "theological" level. This study represents the first exhaustive analysis of the theme. The conclusion is that the impact of Stoicism on this Greek version has been overestimated in the past. Novel views are also formulated concerning the role of the law in LXX Proverbs, its historical setting and its text-critical value.
This volume of thirty articles covering a wide range of subjects related to Old Testament study is written by colleagues, friends and students of A. Graeme Auld to honour the occasion of his sixty-fifth birthday.
This volume publishes the papers given by invitation at the fifteenth Congress of the International Organization for the Study of the Old Testament, which was held at Cambridge in July 1995, under the Presidency of J.A. Emerton. The articles cover a wide range of subjects relevant to the study of the Old Testament, and reflect the ongoing debate on a variety of themes among the world's leading contemporary Old Testament scholars.
Whereas much work on the ethics of the Hebrew Bible addresses the theological task of using the Bible as a moral resource for today, this guide aims to set Ezekiel's ethics firmly in the social and historical context of the Babylonian Exile.
This study analyses the book of Ezekiel as a tool of communication, arguing that the book was designed to shape the self-understanding of the exilic community. A discussion of the historical context precedes a chapter that deals with the basic thrust and literary arrangement of Ezekiel. A detailed examination of individual rhetorical techniques (use of the watchman motif, legal traditions, emotional language, and others) and of crucial passages (especially 24:15-27 and 37:1-14) follows. The final chapter explores the book's suitability for the situation for which it was designed. This work gives readers the opportunity to study the book of Ezekiel as a whole and to explore some of its intricacies. Its methodology is an example of the fruitful integration of traditional critical methods and more recent literary and sociological approaches. This publication has also been published in paperback, please click here for details.
This Congress Volume comprises not only the main lectures of the XVIth I.O.S.O.T. Congress, held in Oslo 1998, but also the interventions at the two panels on "Intertextuality and the Pluralism of Methods" and on "The Hebrew Bible and History." Both the main lectures and the panelists' interventions focus on current methodological problems and study central questions in the present study of the Hebrew Bible/Old Testament in its environment.
A revised view of the Pentateuch with consequences for the broader literary history of the Bible This collection of thirty-one studies on the Pentateuch represents more than twenty years of Konrad Schmid’s research and publications advocating for a new view of the Pentateuch’s formation. Schmid’s essays present the case for a Persian period Priestly document that provided a basic narrative thread to the Torah, which included separate, pre-Priestly components of narratives in Genesis and the Moses story. Schmid’s open discussion includes evidence from various fields, such as literary history, comparative cultural history, historical linguistics, epigraphy, and archaeology. The essays are divided into eight sections usefully structured around the themes of the Pentateuch in the Enneateuch, the history of scholarship, the formation of the Torah, Genesis, the Moses story, the Priestly document, legal texts, and the Pentateuch in the history of ancient Israel’s religion.
This book honors the significant and enduring work of Old Testament scholar Alan Millard. The contributors to this festschrift take up all of his concerns with the relationship between writing, the development and Israel, and ancient Near Eastern society.