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Spoken threats are a common but linguistically complex language crime. Although threatening language has been examined from different linguistic perspectives, there is limited research which critically addresses how people perceive spoken threats and infer traits such as threat and intent from speakers' voices. There is also minimal linguistic research addressing differences between written and spoken threats. By specifically analysing threats delivered in both written and spoken modalities, as well as integrating perceptual phonetic analysis into discussions on spoken threats, this Element offers perspectives on these two under-researched areas. It highlights the dangers of assuming that the way in which someone sounds correlates with, for example, their intention to commit harm, and explores potential problems in assuming that written and spoken threats are equivalent to one another. The goal of the Element is to advance linguistic knowledge and understanding around spoken threats, as well as promote further research in the area.
Exploring the interplay of love, money and threat in romance fraud, this Element reveals how language is used to persuade, manipulate, and threaten without causing alarm. It provides the first empirical examination of criminal interactions-in-action that exposes and tracks the grooming process and manipulation techniques from first contact with the fraudster, to the transition between romance and finance, and requests for money and intimate images, before morphing into explicit threats and acts of sextortion. Through the use of a range of interactional methodologies and real romance fraud messages, a new type of criminality in the form of 'romance fraud enabled sextortion' is revealed. The insights contained in this work have clear implications for future directions of academic exploration and practitioner efforts to protect the public. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.
This Element explores the sentiment and keyword features in both authorship profiling and authorship attribution in social media texts in the Chinese cultural context. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.
Focusing on adversarial legal settings, this Element explores discursive practices in court proceedings which often involve unrepresented parties - private family proceedings and small claims cases. Such proceedings present the main caseload of county and family courts, but pose immense challenges when it comes to legal-lay communication. Drawing on court observations, alongside textual and interview data, the Element pursues three aims: (1) developing the methodological and theoretical framework for exploring discursive practices in legal settings; (2) establishing the link between legal-lay discourse and procedural justice; (3) presenting and contextualising linguistic phenomena as an inherent part of court research and practice. The Element illustrates how linguistic input can contribute to procedural changes and court reforms across different adversarial and non-adversarial legal settings. The exploration of discursive practices embedded in court processes and procedures consolidates and advances the existing court research conducted within the fields of socio-legal studies and forensic linguistics. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.
The Language of Harassment: Pragmatic Perspectives on Language as Evidence addresses harassment head-on by conducting a thorough linguistic analysis of this pervasive social phenomenon. Utilizing a dearth of linguistic research on this topic, this book investigates the strategic language used by harassers to convey their ill intentions and inflict harm upon their victims. The linguistic analysis focuses on how harassment is constructed through verbal and physical interactions between the perpetrator or group of perpetrators and the victim at a discourse level. The author revisits several court cases tried in the US and Europe to show the phenomenal difficulties victims face to support their claims with evidence. This volume applies pragmatic linguistic theories to shed light on the defining elements of harassment, which include repetitive hostile and unethical communication, ill intentions, power imbalances, and harm inflicted upon the victim. In addition, the author illustrates the linguistic analysis through live cases of workplace mobbing, school bullying, sexual harassment, psychological harassment, stalking, and sexting.
Spoken threats are a common but linguistically complex language crime. Although threatening language has been examined from different linguistic perspectives, there is limited research which critically addresses how people perceive spoken threats and infer traits such as threat and intent from speakers' voices. There is also minimal linguistic research addressing differences between written and spoken threats. By specifically analysing threats delivered in both written and spoken modalities, as well as integrating perceptual phonetic analysis into discussions on spoken threats, this Element offers perspectives on these two under-researched areas. It highlights the dangers of assuming that the way in which someone sounds correlates with, for example, their intention to commit harm, and explores potential problems in assuming that written and spoken threats are equivalent to one another. The goal of the Element is to advance linguistic knowledge and understanding around spoken threats, as well as promote further research in the area.
An engaging and relatable examination of how we perceive and interpret the world around us The study of human cognitive processes provides insight into why we act or react the way we do. Understanding cognition can help us understand ourselves and others and can even allow us to make educated predictions about future behaviors. In Cognition, 11th Edition, author Thomas Farmer updates this classic text with the latest advances in the field and more in-depth coverage of prominent topics. Expanded and refined throughout, this edition retains the breadth of scope and depth of detail that has made it the go-to text on the topic. Cognition emphasizes the link between conceptual cognitive psychology and real-world experience: case studies, current trends, and historical perspectives merge to provide a comprehensive understanding of core principles and theories. Discusses behavioral measures and overviews classical behaviorist paradigms Extends the discussions of sensory transduction, procedural memory, and more Clarifies theories of attention and the distinction between controlled vs. automatic processing Includes self quizzes at the end of each chapter, plus updates to all chapters with new and revised content New to the 11th Edition: On average, each chapter includes three or four major points of revision aimed either at better explaining a particular process or theory or at bring the examination of cognitive processes up-to-date with current science. Practice questions for each chapter are available in formats suitable for both pen-and-paper use and digital use. Instructor resources are enhanced with new lecture presentation slides and chapter outlines annotated by the author to facilitate lecture design and delivery.
Presenting state-of-the-art work on the conscious and unconscious processes involved in emotion, this integrative volume brings together leading psychologists, neuroscientists, and philosophers. Carefully organized, tightly edited chapters address such compelling questions as how bodily responses contribute to conscious experience, whether "unconscious emotion" exists, how affect is transmitted from one person to another, and how emotional responses are produced in the brain. Bringing a new level of coherence to lines of inquiry that often remain disparate, the book identifies key, cross-cutting ideas and themes and sets forth a cogent agenda for future research.
With Margaret Matlin's Cognition, Sixth Edition, you have the opportunity to explore the latest thinking on cognitive processes, current theoretical approaches, and innovative research techniques. Extensively updated with more than 700 new references, this Sixth Edition provides clear, balanced, and highly engaging coverage of the field, along with extensive pedagogical support and numerous applications to everyday life. You'll investigate interesting topics such as perceptual processes, working memory, long-term memory, mental imagery, general knowledge, language, problem solving, decision making, and cognitive development.