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U.S. Arctic waters north of the Bering Strait and west of the Canadian border encompass a vast area that is usually ice covered for much of the year, but is increasingly experiencing longer periods and larger areas of open water due to climate change. Sparsely inhabited with a wide variety of ecosystems found nowhere else, this region is vulnerable to damage from human activities. As oil and gas, shipping, and tourism activities increase, the possibilities of an oil spill also increase. How can we best prepare to respond to such an event in this challenging environment? Responding to Oil Spills in the U.S. Arctic Marine Environment reviews the current state of the science regarding oil spill response and environmental assessment in the Arctic region north of the Bering Strait, with emphasis on the potential impacts in U.S. waters. This report describes the unique ecosystems and environment of the Arctic and makes recommendations to provide an effective response effort in these challenging conditions. According to Responding to Oil Spills in the U.S. Arctic Marine Environment, a full range of proven oil spill response technologies is needed in order to minimize the impacts on people and sensitive ecosystems. This report identifies key oil spill research priorities, critical data and monitoring needs, mitigation strategies, and important operational and logistical issues. The Arctic acts as an integrating, regulating, and mediating component of the physical, atmospheric and cryospheric systems that govern life on Earth. Not only does the Arctic serve as regulator of many of the Earth's large-scale systems and processes, but it is also an area where choices made have substantial impact on life and choices everywhere on planet Earth. This report's recommendations will assist environmentalists, industry, state and local policymakers, and anyone interested in the future of this special region to preserve and protect it from damaging oil spills.
Written for current tank owners and those considering aboveground tank storage, this expanded handbook provides practical guidance for designing, building, managing, operating, and maintaining an aboveground tank system that meets your storage needs and complies with all federal and state codes and regulations. In addition to completely updating the regulatory programs, technologies, and inspection methods, this edition provides a comprehensive look at Spill Prevention Control and Countermeasures (SPCC) plans that include new information on inspections and maintenance, new techniques and technologies for addressing SPCC planning, and new EPA interpretations of SPCC requirements. Other sections of this book cover such topics as structural and engineering concepts, piping and product handling systems, leak monitoring and containment, inspection and maintenance programs, hazardous wastes, and tank management planning. Special features include a summary of state programs (for those that have them) and six appendices. The appendices contain sample aboveground tank specifications, a sample SPCC plan, an audit protocol for facilities with SPCC plans, and inspection checklists.
Provides a scientific basis for the cleanup and for the assessment of oil spills Enables Non-scientific officers to understand the science they use on a daily basis Multi-disciplinary approach covering fields as diverse as biology, microbiology, chemistry, physics, oceanography and toxicology Covers the science of oil spills from risk analysis to cleanup and through the effects on the environment Includes case studies examining and analyzing spills, such as Tasman Spirit oil spill on the Karachi Coast, and provides lessons to prevent these in the future