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At the end of 1999 the Institute of Petroleum was asked by UKPIA, on behalf of the refineries based in the UK, to provide a means through which emissions of Volatile Organic Compounds, reported annually as a part of the Environment Agency's Pollution Inventory, could be speciated. In 2000 the Institute commissioned AEA Technology, under the guidance of the IP Emissions Working Group, to investigate the possibility of producing a generic protocol to enable refineries to speciate VOCs. This was to be used in conjunction with the IP's existing Protocol for the Estimation of VOC Emissions from Petroleum Refineries and Gasoline Marketing Operations. These three reports detail the work undertaken to achieve the above and draws conclusions from the results obtained. Part 1 presents an overview of the work carried out and of the results obtained. Part 2 presents the findings of the literature survey, the objective of which was to identify existing species data entry for refinery VOC emissions. Part 3 describes the detailed results of the measurements carried out at the nine UK refineries.
At the end of 1999 the Institute of Petroleum was asked by UKPIA, on behalf of the refineries based in the UK, to provide a means through which emissions of Volatile Organic Compounds, reported annually as a part of the Environment Agency's Pollution Inventory, could be speciated. In 2000 the Institute commissioned AEA Technology, under the guidance of the IP Emissions Working Group, to investigate the possibility of producing a generic protocol to enable refineries to speciate VOCs. This was to be used in conjunction with the IP's existing Protocol for the Estimation of VOC Emissions from Petroleum Refineries and Gasoline Marketing Operations. These three reports detail the work undertaken to achieve the above and draws conclusions from the results obtained. Part 1 presents an overview of the work carried out and of the results obtained. Part 2 presents the findings of the literature survey, the objective of which was to identify existing species data entry for refinery VOC emissions. Part 3 describes the detailed results of the measurements carried out at the nine UK refineries.
At the end of 1999 the Institute of Petroleum was asked by UKPIA, on behalf of the refineries based in the UK, to provide a means through which emissions of Volatile Organic Compounds, reported annually as a part of the Environment Agency's Pollution Inventory, could be speciated. In 2000 the Institute commissioned AEA Technology, under the guidance of the IP Emissions Working Group, to investigate the possibility of producing a generic protocol to enable refineries to speciate VOCs. This was to be used in conjunction with the IP's existing Protocol for the Estimation of VOC Emissions from Petroleum Refineries and Gasoline Marketing Operations. These three reports detail the work undertaken to achieve the above and draws conclusions from the results obtained. Part 1 presents an overview of the work carried out and of the results obtained. Part 2 presents the findings of the literature survey, the objective of which was to identify existing species data entry for refinery VOC emissions. Part 3 describes the detailed results of the measurements carried out at the nine UK refineries.
With an emphasis on passive sampling, this volume focuses on the environmental monitoring for common gaseous pollutants. It offers an overview of the history and nature of pollutants of concern to museums and the challenges facing scientists, conservators, and managers seeking to develop target pollutant guidelines to protect cultural property.
Siloxanes belong to a group of substances used in a number of industrial applications and in consumer products such as additives in fuel, car polish, cleaners, anti foamiers and car waxes. Besides this, they are widely used in e.g. personal care and biomedical products. As a result of their wide use, siloxanes are presumably spread into the environment both via point sources and via diffuse sources and may be found in the environment. Recent studies have suggested that siloxanes may have direct or indirect toxic effects on various biological processes. The aim of this screening study was to obtain a snapshot of the occurrence of siloxanes in the Nordic environment. The here presented screening study involved six countries: Denmark, Faroe Islands, Finland, Iceland, Norway and Sweden. Sampled media types were air, biota, sediment, sludge, soil and water. Siloxanes were found in all the analysed samples types except soils. The results indicate that there is a general pollution of siloxanes in the Nordic environment, close to dense population and major sources. There was, however, a great variation in concentrations. The cyclic siloxanes occurred in all media in significantly higher concentrations than the linear siloxanes. At present, the observed concentrations are not alarmingly high, and many background sites seem to be non-contaminated. However, the use of siloxanes is extensive and it is possible that continued use will lead to increased environmental levels, eventually reaching effect concentrations.
"This publication represents the views and expert opinions of an IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk to Humans, which met in Lyon, 8-15 October 2013."