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At the end of 1999 the Institute of Petroleum was asked by UKPIA, on behalf of the refineries based in the UK, to provide a means through which emissions of Volatile Organic Compounds, reported annually as a part of the Environment Agency's Pollution Inventory, could be speciated. In 2000 the Institute commissioned AEA Technology, under the guidance of the IP Emissions Working Group, to investigate the possibility of producing a generic protocol to enable refineries to speciate VOCs. This was to be used in conjunction with the IP's existing Protocol for the Estimation of VOC Emissions from Petroleum Refineries and Gasoline Marketing Operations. These three reports detail the work undertaken to achieve the above and draws conclusions from the results obtained. Part 1 presents an overview of the work carried out and of the results obtained. Part 2 presents the findings of the literature survey, the objective of which was to identify existing species data entry for refinery VOC emissions. Part 3 describes the detailed results of the measurements carried out at the nine UK refineries.
At the end of 1999 the Institute of Petroleum was asked by UKPIA, on behalf of the refineries based in the UK, to provide a means through which emissions of Volatile Organic Compounds, reported annually as a part of the Environment Agency's Pollution Inventory, could be speciated. In 2000 the Institute commissioned AEA Technology, under the guidance of the IP Emissions Working Group, to investigate the possibility of producing a generic protocol to enable refineries to speciate VOCs. This was to be used in conjunction with the IP's existing Protocol for the Estimation of VOC Emissions from Petroleum Refineries and Gasoline Marketing Operations. These three reports detail the work undertaken to achieve the above and draws conclusions from the results obtained. Part 1 presents an overview of the work carried out and of the results obtained. Part 2 presents the findings of the literature survey, the objective of which was to identify existing species data entry for refinery VOC emissions. Part 3 describes the detailed results of the measurements carried out at the nine UK refineries.
At the end of 1999 the Institute of Petroleum was asked by UKPIA, on behalf of the refineries based in the UK, to provide a means through which emissions of Volatile Organic Compounds, reported annually as a part of the Environment Agency's Pollution Inventory, could be speciated. In 2000 the Institute commissioned AEA Technology, under the guidance of the IP Emissions Working Group, to investigate the possibility of producing a generic protocol to enable refineries to speciate VOCs. This was to be used in conjunction with the IP's existing Protocol for the Estimation of VOC Emissions from Petroleum Refineries and Gasoline Marketing Operations. These three reports detail the work undertaken to achieve the above and draws conclusions from the results obtained. Part 1 presents an overview of the work carried out and of the results obtained. Part 2 presents the findings of the literature survey, the objective of which was to identify existing species data entry for refinery VOC emissions. Part 3 describes the detailed results of the measurements carried out at the nine UK refineries.
This second edition of the protocol for the estimation of VOC emissions from petroleum refineries and gasoline marketing operations contains some new and updated emission factors compared to the first edition (IP, 2000).The Protocol provides methods for the estimation of annual emissions of non-methane volatile organic compounds (NMVOCs) from potential sources in refineries and gasoline marketing facilities. The aims are to aid industry compliance with existing legislative reporting requirements and to allow consistency in emission estimation methodologies.
Interest in volatile organic compounds (VOCs) as air pollutants has increased dramatically in recent years. This book covers a number of very topical issues concerning VOCs, including stratospheric ozone depletion due to CFCs, and the properties of alternative substances; the role of VOCs in the photochemical formation of lower atmosphere (tropospheric) ozone; and the problem of the direct toxicity of VOCs such as benzene and formaldehyde. This Issue reviews our current knowledge of VOCs, drawing upon the expertise of renowned experts and major national and international research programmes. It examines man-made and natural sources, as well as pathways and chemical reactions in the atmosphere. It also looks closely at the sources and concentrations of VOCs indoors, where humans are most likely to be exposed to them. Volatile Organic Compounds in the Atmosphere describes techniques used for the calculation of emissions inventories and strategies for control, and explores the many Government policy matters relating to VOCs. It provides readers with in-depth, clearly explained coverage of the many complex scientific and policy issues surrounding VOCs in the atmosphere.