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Utilization of high sulfur coals is becoming increasingly difficult in view of tighter environmental regulations being imposed around the world. To meet the challenge of utilizing high sulfur coals without damaging the environment, many scientists and engineers around the world are engaged in developing novel technologies. In the U.S.A. alone, the federal government has spent about five billion dollars to achieve that goal. This conference, like its predecessors, emphasizes desulfurization with papers on physical and chemical cleaning as well as post-treatment and fluid-bed combustion technologies. Of the 45 papers submitted, 15 papers deal with physical cleaning and 7 deal with chemical cleaning of coal, suggesting that a major emphasis is still be placed on pre-cleaning of coal. The post-treatment technologies, being developed with the support of U.S. federal and state government agencies, emphasize removal of both SOx and NOx gases. The book will be of particular interest and benefit to researchers, graduate students and other people involved in coal processing, characterization and utilization; public policy making and administration related to energy conservation, economic development, and environmental protection; and investors in industry and new technology.
The objective of this study is to identify important organic sulfur-containing compounds in the Argonne Premium Coals and in selected, separated coal macerals. In-source, desorption/pyrolysis high resolution mass spectrometry is being used to characterize the volatile species of whole coals, macerals, and their extracts. To examine the possibility of secondary reactions and undesirable selectivity, the MS data is compared to data from direct techniques, XANES and XPS. The MS results con-elate very well which supports the suggestion that the species seen are indigenous to the original sample. Therefore, specific structural assignments to the sulfur species can be made. Quantitative speciation of organic sulfur in coals has been accomplished by both XANES and XPS with what appears to be good reliability. Mass spectrometry approaches provide more detailed molecular information, but suffer from problems with sampling. In the past we have found it difficult to isolate aliphatic sulfur compounds by thermal desorption or pyrolysis due to their thermal transformation to aromatic species. However, recently we have found that with in-source pyrolysis the occurrence of secondary reactions is reduced significantly. Results from both a selected setof the Argonne Premium Coal Samples and a set of three macerals from the Listen-Stockton coal (APCS 7) are discussed.