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In this book authors study special type of subset vertex multi subgraphs; these multi subgraphs can be directed or otherwise. Another special feature of these subset vertex multigraphs is that we are aware of the elements in each vertex set and how it affects the structure of both subset vertex multisubgraphs and edge multisubgraphs. It is pertinent to record at this juncture that certain ego centric directed multistar graphs become empty on the removal of one edge, there by theorising the importance, and giving certain postulates how to safely form ego centric multi networks.
In this book authors introduce the notion of subset vertex multigraphs for the first time. The study of subset vertex graphs was introduced in 2018, however they are not multiedged, further they were unique once the vertex subsets are given. These subset vertex multigraphs are also unique once the vertex subsets are given and the added advantage is that the number of common elements between two vertex subsets accounts for the number of edges between them, when there is no common element there is no edge between them.
In this book any network which can be represented as a multigraph is referred to as a multi network. Several properties of multigraphs have been described and developed in this book. When multi path or multi walk or multi trail is considered in a multigraph, it is seen that there can be many multi walks, and so on between any two nodes and this makes multigraphs very different.
The plithogenic set is a generalization of crisp, fuzzy, intuitionistic fuzzy, and Neutrosophic sets, it is a set whose elements are characterized by many attributes' values. This book gives some possible applications of plithogenic sets defined by Florentin Smarandache (2018). The authors have defined a new class of special type of graphs which can be applied for plithogenic models.
This book presents the proceedings of the International Computer Symposium 2014 (ICS 2014), held at Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan in December. ICS is a biennial symposium founded in 1973 and offers a platform for researchers, educators and professionals to exchange their discoveries and practices, to share research experiences and to discuss potential new trends in the ICT industry. Topics covered in the ICS 2014 workshops include: algorithms and computation theory; artificial intelligence and fuzzy systems; computer architecture, embedded systems, SoC and VLSI/EDA; cryptography and information security; databases, data mining, big data and information retrieval; mobile computing, wireless communications and vehicular technologies; software engineering and programming languages; healthcare and bioinformatics, among others. There was also a workshop on information technology innovation, industrial application and the Internet of Things. ICS is one of Taiwan's most prestigious international IT symposiums, and this book will be of interest to all those involved in the world of information technology.
In recent years there has been an explosion of network data – that is, measu- ments that are either of or from a system conceptualized as a network – from se- ingly all corners of science. The combination of an increasingly pervasive interest in scienti c analysis at a systems level and the ever-growing capabilities for hi- throughput data collection in various elds has fueled this trend. Researchers from biology and bioinformatics to physics, from computer science to the information sciences, and from economics to sociology are more and more engaged in the c- lection and statistical analysis of data from a network-centric perspective. Accordingly, the contributions to statistical methods and modeling in this area have come from a similarly broad spectrum of areas, often independently of each other. Many books already have been written addressing network data and network problems in speci c individual disciplines. However, there is at present no single book that provides a modern treatment of a core body of knowledge for statistical analysis of network data that cuts across the various disciplines and is organized rather according to a statistical taxonomy of tasks and techniques. This book seeks to ll that gap and, as such, it aims to contribute to a growing trend in recent years to facilitate the exchange of knowledge across the pre-existing boundaries between those disciplines that play a role in what is coming to be called ‘network science.
The field of complex network exploded since the 1990s, the number of publications in a variety of different areas has grown exponentially and practically, and every discipline started to recognize the presence of these mathematical structures in its area of research. Actually almost any system from the nowadays traditional example of the Internet to complex patterns of metabolic reactions can be analyzed through the graph theory. In its simplest and non rigorous definition a graph is a mathematical object consisting of a set of elements (vertices) and a series of links between these vertices (edges). This is of course a very general description, and as any mathematical abstraction, the idea is to discard many of the particular properties of the phenomenon studied. Nevertheless, this modeling is remarkably accurate for a variety of situations. Vertices can be persons related by friendship or acquaintances relations. Vertices can be proteins connected with one another if they interact in the cell. Networks have always existed in Nature of course, but it is fair to say that given the present technological explosion, they became more and more important. Starting from the Internet the web of connections between computers we started to link and share our documents through web applications and we start to get connected with a number of persons larger than usual. It is this revolution in our daily habit that made natural thinking of networks in science and research. Once this has been realized it became natural to see the cell as a network of molecular events from chemical reactions to gene expressions. The point is to establish if this new perspective can help researchers in finding new results and by understanding the development of these phenomena and possibly control their evolution. We believe that this is the case and in the following we shall provide the evidence of that. Together with applications there are of course true scientific questions attached to network theory. Consider the various ways in which the edges are distributed among the vertices: even by keeping the number of edges and vertices constant we have many different patterns possible. Interestingly some features used to describe these shapes are not related to the particular example considered, but instead they are universal. That is to say they can be found in almost any network around. In this book, we introduce the subject of complex networks and we present the structure of the associated topics that range from social science to biology and finance. We start by considering the mathematical foundations of networks and we then move to an overview of the various applications
The First International Symposium on Combinatorics, Algorithms, Probabilistic and Experimental Methodologies was held in Hangzhou, China, in April 2007. The symposium provided an interdisciplinary forum for researchers to share their discoveries and approaches; search for ideas, methodologies, and tool boxes; find better, faster, and more accurate solutions; and develop a research agenda of common interest. This volume constitutes the refereed post-proceedings of the symposium. Inside you'll find 46 full papers. They represent some of the most important thinking and advancements in the field. The papers address large data processing problems using different methodologies from major disciplines such as computer science, combinatorics, and statistics.
This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 34th International Workshop on Combinatorial Algorithms, IWOCA 2023, held in Tainan, Taiwan, during June 7–10, 2023. The 33 full papers included in this book were carefully reviewed and selected from 86 submissions. They were organized in topical sections as follows: algorithms and data structures; algorithmic and combinatorical aspects of cryptography and information security; algorithmic game theory and complexity of games; approximation algorithms; complexity theory; combinatorics and graph theory; combinatorial generation, enumeration and counting; combinatorial optimization; combinatorics of words; computational biology; computational geometry; decompositions and combinatorial designs; distributed and network algorithms; experimental combinatorics; fine-grained complexity; graph algorithms and modelling with graphs; graph drawing and graph labelling; network theory and temporal graphs; quantum computing and algorithms for quantum computers; online algorithms; parameterized and exact algorithms; probabilistic and randomized algorithms; and streaming algorithms.
This two-wolume set (CCIS 1395-1396) constitutes the refereed proceedings of the Third International Conference on Futuristic Trends in Network and Communication Technologies, FTNCT 2020, held in Taganrog, Russia, in October 2020. The 80 revised full papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 291 submissions. The prime aim of the conference is to invite researchers from different domains of network and communication technologies to a single platform to showcase their research ideas. The selected papers are organized in topical sections on communication technologies; security and privacy; futuristic computing technologies; ​network and computing technologies; wireless networks and Internet of Things (IoT).