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Agriculture is under the full scale influence of climate in which rainfall forms the dominant component mainly because of its effect on crop production in countries whose economy is largely depends on agriculture. The spatial and temporal distribution of rainfall is, thus, the most important determinant of crop production levels from year to year as a result of its erratic and unreliable nature. It can gave the influence of El Nino Southern Oscillation event and other global oceanic and atmospheric phenomena play a great role in climate variation on inter annual and/or inter seasonal scales. The book also insights the importance of the knowledge of water requirement for a given area in order to understand the actual and potential benefits of the area. This belief, however, that there exists sufficient knowledge in determining the water requirement of any crop during all growth stages at any location. The information generated from this study will have valuable contribution in advising the farmers, extension agents, agronomists, and policy makers, other groups involved in crop production and as base line for future study.
Published information and database on regional climate trend is far few in tropical regions especially in South East Asia.Present book “Climate Change Impact on ecosystem” consists twenty research topics on climate driving forces from South East Asia.These studies are from different geographical locations and ecosystems extended all over Indian continent and beyond.Subject covered in this book are of multi-characteristics and interdisciplinary viz.impact of climate change in - Jhuming the traditional agriculture among the tribal regions of Manipur, Botanical garden network ,coastal stability, water resources of islands, remote sensed data and extreme weather conditions, global temperature variation and monsoon, mitigation , policy aspects and so an.Basic information and data on the impact of climate change on physical, biological and geological systems are an important characteristics of this book.It suggest mitigation and adaptation from basic units of society viz.family / household level. This book is a significant contribution to regional climatic trend and responses from climatic data sparse Indian subcontinent.
Master's Thesis from the year 2019 in the subject Geography / Earth Science - Meteorology, Aeronomy, Climatology, , course: Climate modelling, language: Afrikaans, abstract: All rural livelihood systems in Ethiopia are highly sensitive to climate. Rainfall is the primary climatic factor that directly affects Agriculture, hydrological dynamics and driver of food insecurity. It varies across space and time. The study aims to analyses spatial-temporal variability of rainfall and its association with SSTs by using statistical method over western Oromia, southwest Ethiopia. Annual and Kiremt rainfall distribution increases toward the central portion of the area from the east and west. Inter-annual and Kiremt rainfall variability varies from low to moderate (CV%=11 to 24%). The MK-trend test show an increasing change in annual and seasons. Mean onset date is more variable than cessation and late one to two week from previous studies. This may be a signal of climate change impact on the region. Earliest onset in Jimma zone, mean date in the last decade of March and the latest onset in the first decade of May in west Wollega. Belg and kiremt precipitation to SSTs showed statically relationship over different parts of Oceans. Central and tropical eastern Pacific is negatively correlated to kiremt (summer) rains over whole western Oromia zones and Spring (Belg) rainfall anomalies to SSTs in the region show a no significant spacial correlation relationship over most parts of oceans. The study revealed the climatology of rainfall and local variability which is necessary information for users to respond with local relevance in agriculture operation and hydrological management.
This book examines the meteorological phenomenon known as Western Disturbances (WDs) and traces their influence on the Indian subcontinent. It fully details the unique characteristics and dynamics of these disturbances, which produce large-scale instabilities in the atmosphere over northern India due to the orographic influence of the Himalayas. The authors first present a definition of the phenomenon and then go on to detail their structure and migration. Topics include dynamics, energetics and thermodynamics; modelling studies; land-use and land-cover interactions; and WDs in the changing climate. In addition, coverage outlines how WDs interact with and influence other weather systems throughout the four seasons of Indian climate: winter, pre-monsoon, monsoon and post-monsoon. It places special emphasis on wintertime dynamics since WDs significantly contribute to the precipitation in India during this time. The authors explain why this period should be termed "Indian winter monsoon" and differentiate it from the northeast monsoon which so far is the prevalent term used in the region's meteorological parlance. Complete with detailed illustrations and case studies, this monograph will help researchers and students gain a fundamental understanding of these important storms. This knowledge is essential not only for short–term and seasonal hydrometeorological forecasting but also for the assessment of regional climate change and its impacts.
Extreme Hydrology and Climate Variability: Monitoring, Modelling, Adaptation and Mitigation is a compilation of contributions by experts from around the world who discuss extreme hydrology topics, from monitoring, to modeling and management. With extreme climatic and hydrologic events becoming so frequent, this book is a critical source, adding knowledge to the science of extreme hydrology. Topics covered include hydrometeorology monitoring, climate variability and trends, hydrological variability and trends, landscape dynamics, droughts, flood processes, and extreme events management, adaptation and mitigation. Each of the book's chapters provide background and theoretical foundations followed by approaches used and results of the applied studies. This book will be highly used by water resource managers and extreme event researchers who are interested in understanding the processes and teleconnectivity of large-scale climate dynamics and extreme events, predictability, simulation and intervention measures. Presents datasets used and methods followed to support the findings included, allowing readers to follow these steps in their own research Provides variable methodological approaches, thus giving the reader multiple hydrological modeling information to use in their work Includes a variety of case studies, thus making the context of the book relatable to everyday working situations for those studying extreme hydrology Discusses extreme event management, including adaption and mitigation
Spatio-temporal Analysis of Extreme Hydrological Events offers an extensive view of the experiences and applications of the latest developments and methodologies for analyzing and understanding extreme environmental and hydrological events. The book addresses the topic using spatio-temporal methods, such as space-time geostatistics, machine learning, statistical theory, hydrological modelling, neural network and evolutionary algorithms. This important resource for both hydrologists and statisticians interested in the framework of spatial and temporal analysis of hydrological events will provide users with an enhanced understanding of the relationship between magnitude, dynamics and the probability of extreme hydrological events. Presents spatio-temporal processes, including multivariate dynamic modelling Provides varying methodological approaches, giving the readers multiple hydrological modelling information to use in their work Includes a variety of case studies making the context of the book relatable to everyday working situations
More accurate forecasts of climate conditions over time periods of weeks to a few years could help people plan agricultural activities, mitigate drought, and manage energy resources, amongst other activities; however, current forecast systems have limited ability on these time- scales. Models for such climate forecasts must take into account complex interactions among the ocean, atmosphere, and land surface. Such processes can be difficult to represent realistically. To improve the quality of forecasts, this book makes recommendations about the development of the tools used in forecasting and about specific research goals for improving understanding of sources of predictability. To improve the accessibility of these forecasts to decision-makers and researchers, this book also suggests best practices to improve how forecasts are made and disseminated.
Society today may be more vulnerable to global-scale, long-term, climate change than ever before. Even without any human influence, past records show that climate can be expected to continue to undergo considerable change over decades to centuries. Measures for adaption and mitigation will call for policy decisions based on a sound scientific foundation. Better understanding and prediction of climate variations can be achieved most efficiently through a nationally recognized "dec-cen" science plan. This book articulates the scientific issues that must be addressed to advance us efficiently toward that understanding and outlines the data collection and modeling needed.