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This monograph has grown out of the authors' recent work directed toward solving a family of problems which arise in maneuvering modern spacecraft. The work ranges from fundamental developments in analytical dynamics and optimal control to a significant collection of example applications. The primary emphasis herein is upon the most central analytical and numerical methods for determining optimal rotational maneuvers of spacecraft. The authors focus especially upon the large angle nonlinear maneuvers, and also consider large rotational maneuvers of flexible vehicles with simultaneous vibration suppression/arrest. Each chapter includes a list of references.The book provides much new material which will be of great interest to practising professionals and advanced graduate students working in the general areas of spacecraft technology, applied mathematics, optimal control theory, and numerical optimization. Chapter 11 in particular presents new information that will be found widely useful for terminal control and tracking maneuvers.
This brief addresses the design of model predictive control algorithms for performing space rendezvous manoeuvres. It consolidates developments within guidance and control algorithms, with the aim of improving the efficiency, safety, and autonomy of these manoeuvres. The brief presents several applications of model predictive control to rendezvous manoeuvres, including Ankersen zero-order-hold particular solution1, which provides a realistic thrust profile. It offers new approaches for rendezvous manoeuvres in elliptical orbits, formulating obstacle avoidance constraints, passive safety constraints, and robustness techniques. It also compares finite-horizon and variable-horizon formulations for model predictive control in the context of performance and computational complexity. Predictive Control for Spacecraft Rendezvous is accessible to academics and students new to the topics of orbital rendezvous and model predictive control, but also presents compelling subject matter for researchers and professionals in the aerospace industry.
Fault-Tolerant Attitude Control of Spacecraft presents the fundamentals of spacecraft fault-tolerant attitude control systems, along with the most recent research and advanced, nonlinear control techniques. This book gives researchers a self-contained guide to the complex tasks of envisaging, designing, implementing and experimenting by presenting designs for integrated modeling, dynamics, fault-tolerant attitude control, and fault reconstruction for spacecraft. Specifically, the book gives a full literature review and presents preliminaries and mathematical models, robust fault-tolerant attitude control, fault-tolerant attitude control with actuator saturation, velocity-free fault tolerant attitude control, finite-time fault-tolerant attitude tracking control, and active fault-tolerant attitude contour. Finally, the book looks at the future of this interesting topic, offering readers a one-stop solution for those working on fault-tolerant attitude control for spacecraft. Presents the fundamentals of fault-tolerant attitude control systems for spacecraft in one practical solution Gives the latest research and thinking on nonlinear attitude control, fault tolerant control, and reliable attitude control Brings together concepts in fault control theory, fault diagnosis, and attitude control for spacecraft Covers advances in theory, technological aspects, and applications in spacecraft Presents detailed numerical and simulation results to assist engineers Offers a clear, systematic reference on fault-tolerant control and attitude control for spacecraft
Fast Satellite Attitude Maneuver and Control introduces the concept of agile satellites and corresponding fast maneuver attitude control systems, systematically and comprehensively presenting recent research results of fast maneuver attitude control for agile satellites by using advanced nonlinear control techniques. This reference book focuses on modeling and attitude control, considering different actuator combinations, actuator installation deviation, actuator fault, and flexible appendage coupling effect for agile satellites. The book provides a unified platform for understanding and applicability of agile satellites fast maneuverer and stabilization control for different purposes. It will be an excellent resource for researchers working on spacecraft design, nonlinear control systems, vehicle systems and complex control systems. Unifies existing and emerging concepts concerning nonlinear control theory, fault tolerant, and attitude control for agile satellites Provides a series of the latest results, including, but not limited to, fast maneuverer and stabilization control, hybrid actuator control, nonlinear attitude control, fault tolerant control, and active vibration suppression towards agile satellites Comprehensively captures recent advances of theory, technological aspects and applications of fast maneuverer and stabilization control in agile satellites Addresses research problems in each chapter, along with numerical and simulation results that reflect engineering practice and demonstrate the focus of developed analysis and synthesis approaches Contains comprehensive, up-to-date references, which play an indicative role for further study
Collision avoidance maneuvers to prevent orbital collisions between two catalogued objects are typically planned multiple days in advance. If the warning time is decreased to less than half-an-orbit in advance, the problem becomes more complex. Typically, the maneuver (assumed to be impulsive) would be placed at perigee or apogee and oriented in the direction that allows for a fuel-optimal maneuver to be performed well before the predicted collision. Instead, for rapid collision avoidance scenarios, finite burn propagation was applied to determine the thrust duration and direction required to reach a desired minimum collision probability. Determining the thrust time and direction for a wide range of orbits and spacecraft properties results in a semi-analytical solution to the collision avoidance problem anywhere in Low-Earth Orbit. The speed at which this method can be applied makes it valuable when minimal time is available to perform such a maneuver. For many spacecraft missions, even the slightest change in the orbit of the spacecraft may significantly affect its ability to perform to its required specifications. With the high volume of debris in orbit, debris-creating events could occur with no advanced notice, making rapid collision avoidance scenarios a real possibility. Care must be taken to ensure that any potential collision is avoided while minimizing the effect of the maneuver on the spacecraft's mission performance. Assuming perfect knowledge of the states of all objects and that the possible collisions occur at high relative velocities, the required thrusting time to achieve a desired collision probability is found. Varying the desired collision probability, the resulting changes in the required thrust duration time (and, thus, fuel use) can be observed, providing options for trading the fuel use and likelihood of a collision. Additionally, both of these variables contribute directly to the ability of the spacecraft to perform to the desired mission specifications. As the collision probability threshold and required burn time increase, the mission performance decreases. The level of robustness necessary in the mission specifications can be used to limit the desired collision probability threshold. This is accomplished by determining the time and fuel required to perform the collision avoidance maneuver to the desired probability level and analyzing the effect of the time spent away from the mission orbit and the quantity of fuel required to perform the maneuver on the mission performance. It was found that, for notification times less than around 20 minutes, it is best to decrease the collision probability as much as the available fuel will allow without regard for the time duration of the maneuver. As the notification time increases past 20 minutes, more emphasis can be placed on the time required to perform the entire maneuver and it was found that simultaneously minimizing the maneuver time and collision probability outweighed the slight extra fuel required for such a maneuver. Such analysis would prove significant in real-time spacecraft operations when determining an optimal collision probability threshold (typically a subjective variable) for rapid collision avoidance scenarios.
This book includes a selection of 30 reviewed and enhanced manuscripts published during the 14th SpaceOps Conference held in May 2016 in Daejeon, South Korea. The selection was driven by their quality and relevance to the space operations community. The papers represent a cross-section of three main subject areas: · Mission Management – management tasks for designing, preparing and operating a particular mission. · Spacecraft Operations – preparation and implementation of all activities to operate a space vehicle (crewed and uncrewed) under all conditions. · Ground Operations – preparation, qualification, and operations of a mission dedicated ground segment and appropriate infrastructure including antennas, control centers, and communication means and interfaces. This book promotes the SpaceOps Committee’s mission to foster the technical interchange on all aspects of space mission operations and ground data systems while promoting and maintaining an international community of space operations experts.
This book is an up-to-date compendium on spacecraft attitude and orbit control (AOC) that offers a systematic and complete treatment of the subject with the aim of imparting the theoretical and practical knowledge that is required by designers, engineers, and researchers. After an introduction on the kinematics of the flexible and agile space vehicles, the modern architecture and functions of an AOC system are described and the main AOC modes reviewed with possible design solutions and examples. The dynamics of the flexible body in space are then considered using an original Lagrangian approach suitable for the control applications of large space flexible structures. Subsequent chapters address optimal control theory, attitude control methods, and orbit control applications, including the optimal orbital transfer with finite and infinite thrust. The theory is integrated with a description of current propulsion systems, with the focus especially on the new electric propulsion systems and state of the art sensors and actuators.