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Resins, colorants, solvents and additives are the main components that are used to formulate printing inks. Some of these chemicals contaminate the soil, water and environment when released into landfills, water streams and atmosphere. Some of these ingredients even create potential health hazards upon contact with the human body. These problems and particularly the rising price of petroleum are main reasons to look for new resources for making more environmentally friendly printing inks. Soybean protein and soybean oil are potential renewable raw materials for this replacement. Soy oil is already successfully implemented in lithographic printing processes, including litho inks for printing newspapers, books and magazines. Soy protein is also employed in flexo packaging. There is a lack of information about soy polymer use in digital inks. In this research, soy protein was used as a resin for water based inkjet inks formulation. Also, an acrylic water based inkjet ink was formulated in order to compare with soy ink. Both of them were printed onto plain paper with a Dimatix inkjet printer. Properties of these inks were compared before and after printing. The soy-based inkjet ink showed better results in some of the tests.
Today, the majority of the commercially available conductive inks are formulated using expensive metallic particles, such as silver and gold. Most of the inks use volatile solvents in the formulation, which are hazardous to the environment as emission of VOCs is the major concern. In the case of water-based inks, usually petroleum-based acrylic polymers are used. Apart from being nonrenewable raw materials, acrylic polymers are carcinogenic in nature. Also, acrylic polymers are used in a variety of applications, such as the automotive, medical device, paint, and adhesive industries. Often times, the ink industry has to compete with other industries for acrylic polymers, making it an expensive and time consuming process. Hence, the major challenge faced by the PE industry is to formulate low-cost, renewable, easily available alternative inks. This has been the motivation behind this work to formulate the alternative water-based resistive inks for the gravure printing process. Blends of graphene and conductive carbon fillers were used to replace the expensive silver. Simultaneously, a study was conducted to determine the potential of soy polymers as resin system to replace acrylic resins. This will help to achieve the formulation of a truly environmentally friendly ink, while eliminating emission of VOCs.
"The effect of simulated environmental exposure conditions (high heat, freezing temperature, rain, and vacuum pressure) on the performance of a silver-based conductive flexo ink printed on a polyamide (nylon 6,6) substrate was examined. Conductivity, density, color, adhesion, abrasion resistance and creasing were evaluated. The tested environmental variables did not have an effect on the performance quality of silver conductive flexographic ink when printed on a polyamide substrate for the 85-100% solid ink density levels. Rain and temperature had the greatest impact on print performance in the 70-80% tint range. Exposure to these elements affected adhesion properties of the ink to the substrate, which lead to a negative effect on the conductivity and abrasion performance. This study indicated an antenna printed at common ink density levels using a silver-based flexographic printing ink on a polymeric film is a possible solution for the implementation of printed RFID components. This is a manufacturing option that can bring the packaging industry from a "slap and stick" RFID labeling method to an actual inline production method that can be applicable to both primary and secondary package tagging needs. Lastly, the study utilizes common ink testing procedures that will be useful in the development of standards for the production of printed RFID components in packaging applications."--Abstract.
FIRST 4.0 is the industry's most comprehensive set of specifications, guidelines and tutorials designed to provide all members of the flexographic supply chain with the technical information they need to produce high quality and consistent print results, pressrun after pressrun. For FTA Member pricing visit http://www.ftastore.com
Printing on Polymers: Fundamentals and Applications is the first authoritative reference covering the most important developments in the field of printing on polymers, their composites, nanocomposites, and gels. The book examines the current state-of-the-art and new challenges in the formulation of inks, surface activation of polymer surfaces, and various methods of printing. The book equips engineers and materials scientists with the tools required to select the correct method, assess the quality of the result, reduce costs, and keep up-to-date with regulations and environmental concerns. Choosing the correct way of decorating a particular polymer is an important part of the production process. Although printing on polymeric substrates can have desired positive effects, there can be problems associated with various decorating techniques. Physical, chemical, and thermal interactions can cause problems, such as cracking, peeling, or dulling. Safety, environmental sustainability, and cost are also significant factors which need to be considered. With contributions from leading researchers from industry, academia, and private research institutions, this book serves as a one-stop reference for this field—from print ink manufacture to polymer surface modification and characterization; and from printing methods to applications and end-of-life issues. - Enables engineers to select the correct decoration method for each material and application, assess print quality, and reduce costs - Increases familiarity with the terminology, tests, processes, techniques, and regulations of printing on plastic, which reduces the risk of adverse reactions, such as cracking, peeling, or dulling of the print - Addresses the issues of environmental impact and cost when printing on polymeric substrates - Features contributions from leading researchers from industry, academia, and private research institutions
In its Second Edition, Handbook of Pulping and Papermaking is a comprehensive reference for industry and academia. The book offers a concise yet thorough introduction to the process of papermaking from the production of wood chips to the final testing and use of the paper product. The author has updated the extensive bibliography, providing the reader with easy access to the pulp and paper literature. The book emphasizes principles and concepts behind papermaking, detailing both the physical and chemical processes. - A comprehensive introduction to the physical and chemical processes in pulping and papermaking - Contains an extensive annotated bibliography - Includes 12 pages of color plates