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Cicero's letters have figured prominently in some of western modernity's most cherished illusions about the immediacy of its encounter with Classical antiquity. Celebrated since their discovery in the Renaissance for their intimate mode of self-expression, they have been prized ever since for the unparalleled proximity they appear to give us to the events and leading figures of the late Republic. However, they were only organized into books and collections, and published as such, by unknown editors long after Cicero's death. Modern editors have also dismantled these collections and reorganized the letters chronologically in an attempt to reconstruct the events that they document more accurately. Souvenirs of Cicero studies the narratives that the letter collections unfold and the post-Republican perspectives that shape them. It looks closely at the ancient format of Epistulae ad Familiares, the collection that incorporates Cicero's widest cast of correspondents and has been most vulnerable to this practice of reorganization, and reverses it, attending instead to the collection's status as an artefact of the later imperial age. Francesca K. A. Martelli traces the social, political, and technological agencies that shaped this letter collection in antiquity and elucidates the interests that these editorial interventions serve both for ancient readers and for our interpretation of the letters today by integrating a close analysis of these letters with hypotheses drawn from contemporary media theory. Cicero's letters emerge from this study as residual media, which haunt subsequent history with the Republic's lost futures as they circulate beyond their own era.
This is the OCR-endorsed edition covering the Latin AS and A-Level (Group 1) prescription of Cicero's pro Caelio, 51–58, 61–68, and the A-Level (Group 2) prescription of 33–50, giving full Latin text, commentary and vocabulary, with a detailed introduction that also covers the prescribed material to be read in English for A Level. Pro Caelio is one of Cicero's finest and funniest speeches. In 56 BC, he defended Marcus Caelius Rufus who was being prosecuted on charges of violence, including the attempted poisoning of Roman noblewoman Clodia with whom Caelius previously had an affair. Cicero's primary tactic was to blacken the character and reliability of Clodia, whom he depicts as the woman scorned, prosecuting Caelius out of revenge. Drawing on characters well known from Roman comedy, Cicero casts Caelius as the decent young man victimized by the aggressive courtesan, thereby shaming Clodia and glossing over the more awkward charges levelled at his client. Supporting resources are available on the Companion Website: https://www.bloomsbury.pub/OCR-editions-2024-2026
In republican times, one of Rome's deadliest enemies was King Mithridates of Pontus. In 66 BCE, after decades of inconclusive struggle, the tribune Manilius proposed a bill that would give supreme command in the war against Mithridates to Pompey the Great, who had just swept the Mediterranean clean of another menace: the pirates. While powerful aristocrats objected to the proposal, which would endow Pompey with unprecedented powers, the bill proved hugely popular among the people, and one of the praetors, Marcus Tullius Cicero, also hastened to lend it his support. In his first ever political speech, variously entitled pro lege Manilia or de imperio Gnaei Pompei, Cicero argues that the war against Mithridates requires the appointment of a perfect general and that the only man to live up to such lofty standards is Pompey. In the section under consideration here, Cicero defines the most important hallmarks of the ideal military commander and tries to demonstrate that Pompey is his living embodiment. This course book offers a portion of the original Latin text, study aids with vocabulary, and a commentary. Designed to stretch and stimulate readers, the incisive commentary will be of particular interest to students of Latin at both AS and undergraduate level. It extends beyond detailed linguistic analysis and historical background to encourage critical engagement with Cicero's prose and discussion of the most recent scholarly thought.
Cicero was one of classical antiquity's most prolific, varied and self-revealing authors. His letters, speeches, treatises and poetry chart a political career marked by personal struggle and failure and the collapse of the republican system of government to which he was intellectually and emotionally committed. They were read, studied and imitated throughout antiquity and subsequently became seminal texts in political theory and in the reception and study of the Classics. This Companion discusses the whole range of Cicero's writings, with particular emphasis on their links with the literary culture of the late Republic, their significance to Cicero's public career and their reception in later periods.
A vivid historical account of the social world of Rome as it moved from republic to empire. In 49 B.C., the seven hundred fifth year since the founding of Rome, Julius Caesar crossed a small border river called the Rubicon and plunged Rome into cataclysmic civil war. Tom Holland’s enthralling account tells the story of Caesar’s generation, witness to the twilight of the Republic and its bloody transformation into an empire. From Cicero, Spartacus, and Brutus, to Cleopatra, Virgil, and Augustus, here are some of the most legendary figures in history brought thrillingly to life. Combining verve and freshness with scrupulous scholarship, Rubicon is not only an engrossing history of this pivotal era but a uniquely resonant portrait of a great civilization in all its extremes of self-sacrifice and rivalry, decadence and catastrophe, intrigue, war, and world-shaking ambition.
In this book, Maggie Popkin offers an in-depth investigation of souvenirs, a type of ancient Roman object that has been understudied and that is unfamiliar to many people. Souvenirs commemorated places, people, and spectacles in the Roman Empire. Straddling the spheres of religion, spectacle, leisure, and politics, they serve as a unique resource for exploring the experiences, interests, imaginations, and aspirations of a broad range of people - beyond elite, metropolitan men - who lived in the Roman world. Popkin shows how souvenirs generated and shaped memory and knowledge, as well as constructed imagined cultural affinities across the empire's heterogeneous population. At the same time, souvenirs strengthened local identities, but excluded certain groups from the social participation that souvenirs made available to so many others. Featuring a full illustration program of 137 color and black and white images, Popkin's book demonstrates the critical role that souvenirs played in shaping how Romans perceived and conceptualized their world, and their relationships to the empire that shaped it.
This cutting-edge collection of essays offers provocative studies of ancient history, literature, gender identifications and roles, and subsequent interpretations of the republican and imperial Roman past. The prose and poetry of Cicero and Petronius, Lucretius, Virgil, and Ovid receive fresh interpretations; pagan and Christian texts are re-examined from feminist and imaginative perspectives; genres of epic, didactic, and tragedy are re-examined; and subsequent uses and re-uses of the ancient heritage are probed with new attention: Shakespeare, Nineteenth Century American theater, and contemporary productions involving prisoners and veterans. Comprising nineteen essays collectively honoring the feminist Classical scholar Judith Hallett, this book will interest the Classical scholar, the ancient historian, the student of Reception Studies, and feminists interested in all periods. The authors from the United States, Britain, France and Switzerland are authorities in one or more of these fields and chapters range from the late Republic to the late Empire to the present.
Wikitravel Chicago is the most comprehensive guide ever published to Chicago, with museums, sports, and skyscrapers from top to bottom, up-to-date info on jazz, blues, and Chicago nightlife, in-depth coverage of amazing restaurants across the city and 27 handy city maps with attractions marked. Built using the award-winning Wikitravel website, all Wikitravel guides are written by fellow travelers and updated by our editors from top to bottom multiple times per year, so you're always guaranteed to get the newest information.
The Artist and the State, 1777-1855: The Politics of Universal History in British & French Painting is the first book-length study to examine political uses of 'universal history', or the philosophy of history, in European art from 1777 to 1855. Daniel R. Guernsey discusses a range of mural paintings and sculptural works produced in England and France between the American Revolution and the Universal Exposition of 1855, comparing the ways artists such as James Barry, Eug? Delacroix, Paul Chenavard, David d'Angers, and Gustave Courbet expressed linear or cyclical histories of progress and decline. By considering the work of these important European artists together, he reveals not only the rich artistic interaction that took place between England and France - as well as Germany - at this time, but also how the notion of 'universal history' was to become a major preoccupation in the work of these individual artists, each one participating in shaping a highly significant mode of eighteenth- and nineteenth-century political art.