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South Arabia, an area encompassing all of today’s Yemen and neighboring regions in Saudi Arabia and Oman, is one of the least-known parts of the Near East. However, it is primarily due to its remoteness, coupled with the difficulty of access, that South Arabia remains under-researched, for this region was, in fact, very important during pre-Islamic times. By virtue of its location at the crossroads of caravan and maritime routes, pre-Islamic South Arabia linked the Near East with Africa and the Mediterranean with India. The region is also unique in that it has a written history extending as far back as the early first millennium BCE—a far longer history, indeed, than any other part of the Arabian Peninsula. The papers collected in this volume make a number of important contributions to the study of the history and languages of ancient South Arabia, as well as the history of the modern study of South Arabia’s past, which will be of interest to scholars and laypeople alike.
How has Saudi Arabia managed to maintain its Arab and Islamic values while at the same time adopting Western technology and a market economy? How have its hereditary leaders, who govern with a mixture of political pragmatism and religious zeal, managed to maintain their power? This comprehensive history of Saudi Arabia from 1745 to the present provides insight into its culture and politics, its powerful oil industry, its relations with its neighbours, and the ongoing influence of the Wahhabi movement. Based on a wealth of Arab, American, British, Western and Eastern European sources, this book will stand as the definitive account of the largest state on the Arabian peninsula.
Southern Arabia by J. Theodore Bent is about Mrs. Theodore Bent and their husband and what they see and do on their travels through the wilds of Arabia. Excerpt: "I Manamah and Moharek 1 II The Mounds of Ali 16 III Our Visit to Rufa'a 30 MASKAT IV Some Historical Facts about Oman 45 V Maskat and the Outskirts 63 THE HADHRAMOUT VI Makalla 71 VII Our Departure into the Interior 81 VIII The Akaba 88 IX Through Wadi Kasr 98 X Our Sojourn at Koton 111 XI The Wadi Ser and Kabr Saleh 126 XII The City of Shibahm 142 XIII Farewell to the Sultan of Shibahm 162 XIV Harassed by our Guides 177 XV Retribution for our Foes 199 XVI Coasting Eastward by Land 210 XVII Coasting Westward by Sea."
Title: THE SOUTHERN ARABIA Author: M. Meenachi Sundaram [Translator] TABLE OF CONTENTS Title: SOUTHERN ARABIA.. 2 THE SOUTHERN ARABIA.. 4 CHAPTER I: MANAMAH AND MOHAREK. 4 CHAPTER II: THE MOUNDS OF ALI 22 CHAPTER III: OUR VISIT TO RUFA'A.. 38 MASKAT. 54 CHAPTER IV: SOME HISTORICAL FACTS ABOUT OMAN.. 54 CHAPTER V: MASKAT AND THE OUTSKIRTS. 74 THE HADHRAMOUT. 84 CHAPTER VI: MAKALLA.. 84 CHAPTER VII: OUR DEPARTURE INTO THE INTERIOR. 96 CHAPTER VIII: THE AKABA.. 104 CHAPTER IX: THROUGH WADI KASR. 116 CHAPTER X: OUR SOJOURN AT KOTON.. 132 CHAPTER XI: THE WADI SER AND KABR SALEH.. 149 CHAPTER XII: THE CITY OF SHIBAHM... 168 CHAPTER XIII: FAREWELL TO THE SULTAN OF SHIBAHM... 192 CHAPTER XIV: HARASSED BY OUR GUIDES. 209 CHAPTER XV: RETRIBUTION FOR OUR FOES. 236 CHAPTER XVI: COASTING EASTWARD BY LAND.. 249 CHAPTER XVII: COASTING WESTWARD BY SEA.. 261 DHOFAR AND THE GARA MOUNTAINS. 269 CHAPTER XVIII: MERBAT AND AL HAFA.. 269 CHAPTER XIX: THE GARA TRIBE. 288 CHAPTER XX: THE GARA MOUNTAINS. 303 CHAPTER XXI: THE IDENTIFICATION OF ABYSSAPOLIS. 317 CHAPTER XXII: SAILING FROM KOSSEIR TO ADEN.. 328 AN AFRICAN INTERLUDE: THE EASTERN SOUDAN.. 340 CHAPTER XXIII: COASTING ALONG THE RED SEA.. 340 CHAPTER XXIV: HALAIB AND SAWAKIN KADIM... 352 CHAPTER XXV: INLAND FROM MERSA HALAIB. 358 CHAPTER XXVI: MOHAMMED GOL. 366 CHAPTER XXVII: 'DANCING ON TOM TIDDLER'S GROUND, PICKING UP GOLD' 371 CHAPTER XXVIII: BEHIND THE JEBEL ERBA.. 387 THE MAHRI ISLAND OF SOKOTRA.. 407 CHAPTER XXIX: KALENZIA.. 407 CHAPTER XXX: ERIOSH AND KADHOUP. 419 CHAPTER XXXI: TAMARIDA OR HADIBO.. 428 CHAPTER XXXII: WE DEPART FOR THE LAND'S END—i.e. RAS MOMI 440 CHAPTER XXXIII: MOUNT HAGHIER AND FEREGHET. 448 CHAPTER XXXIV: BACK TO THE OCEAN.. 463 BELED FADHLI AND BELED YAFEI 473 CHAPTER XXXV: EXPERIENCES WITH THE YAFEI SULTAN.. 473 CHAPTER XXXVI: AMONG THE FADHLI 489 CHAPTER XXXVII: FROM THE PLAIN OF MIS'HAL TO THE SEA.. 501 ABOUT THE AUTHOR. 512 THE SOUTHERN ARABIA CHAPTER I: MANAMAH AND MOHAREK The first Arabian journey that we undertook was in 1889, when we visited the Islands of Bahrein in the Persian Gulf; we were attracted by stories of mysterious mounds, and we proposed to see what we could find inside them, hoping, as turned out to be the fact, that we should discover traces of Phœnician remains. The search for traces of an old world takes an excavator now and again into strange corners of the new. Out of the ground he may extract treasures, or he may not—that is not our point here—out of the inhabitants and their strange ways he is sure, whether he likes it or not, to extract a great deal, and it is with this branch of an excavator's life we are now going to deal. We thought we were on the track of Phœnician remains and our interest in our work was like the fingers of an aneroid, subject to sudden changes, but at the same time we had perpetually around us a quaint, unknown world of the present, more pleasing to most people than anything pertaining to the past. The group of islands known as Bahrein (dual form of Bahr, i.e. two seas) lies in a bay of the same name in the Persian Gulf, about twenty miles off the coast of El Hasa in Arabia.
This volume provides a fresh perspective on the evolving and diverse functions of the Roman army in Arabia from the creation of the province to the end of the Byzantine period.
Oil and water, and the science and technology used to harness them, have long been at the heart of political authority in Saudi Arabia. Oil’s abundance, and the fantastic wealth it generated, has been a keystone in the political primacy of the kingdom’s ruling family. The other bedrock element was water, whose importance was measured by its dearth. Over much of the twentieth century, it was through efforts to control and manage oil and water that the modern state of Saudi Arabia emerged. The central government’s power over water, space, and people expanded steadily over time, enabled by increasing oil revenues. The operations of the Arabian American Oil Company proved critical to expansion and to achieving power over the environment. Political authority in Saudi Arabia took shape through global networks of oil, science, and expertise. And, where oil and water were central to the forging of Saudi authoritarianism, they were also instrumental in shaping politics on the ground. Nowhere was the impact more profound than in the oil-rich Eastern Province, where the politics of oil and water led to a yearning for national belonging and to calls for revolution. Saudi Arabia is traditionally viewed through the lenses of Islam, tribe, and the economics of oil. Desert Kingdom now provides an alternative history of environmental power and the making of the modern Saudi state. It demonstrates how vital the exploitation of nature and the roles of science and global experts were to the consolidation of political authority in the desert.
An insider's account of the often-fraught U.S.-Saudi relationship Saudi Arabia and the United States have been partners since 1943, when President Roosevelt met with two future Saudi monarchs. Subsequent U.S. presidents have had direct relationships with those kings and their successors—setting the tone for a special partnership between an absolute monarchy with a unique Islamic identity and the world's most powerful democracy. Although based in large part on economic interests, the U.S.-Saudi relationship has rarely been smooth. Differences over Israel have caused friction since the early days, and ambiguities about Saudi involvement—or lack of it—in the September 11 terrorist attacks against the United States continue to haunt the relationship. Now, both countries have new, still-to be-tested leaders in President Trump and King Salman. Bruce Riedel for decades has followed these kings and presidents during his career at the CIA, the White House, and Brookings. This book offers an insider's account of the U.S.-Saudi relationship, with unique insights. Using declassified documents, memoirs by both Saudis and Americans, and eyewitness accounts, this book takes the reader inside the royal palaces, the holy cities, and the White House to gain an understanding of this complex partnership.
Many of the earliest books, particularly those dating back to the 1900s and before, are now extremely scarce and increasingly expensive. We are republishing these classic works in affordable, high quality, modern editions, using the original text and artwork.
A New York Times Notable Book of 2020 “[A] sweeping and authoritative history" (The New York Times Book Review), Black Wave is an unprecedented and ambitious examination of how the modern Middle East unraveled and why it started with the pivotal year of 1979. Kim Ghattas seamlessly weaves together history, geopolitics, and culture to deliver a gripping read of the largely unexplored story of the rivalry between between Saudi Arabia and Iran, born from the sparks of the 1979 Iranian revolution and fueled by American policy. With vivid story-telling, extensive historical research and on-the-ground reporting, Ghattas dispels accepted truths about a region she calls home. She explores how Sunni Saudi Arabia and Shia Iran, once allies and twin pillars of US strategy in the region, became mortal enemies after 1979. She shows how they used and distorted religion in a competition that went well beyond geopolitics. Feeding intolerance, suppressing cultural expression, and encouraging sectarian violence from Egypt to Pakistan, the war for cultural supremacy led to Iran’s fatwa against author Salman Rushdie, the assassination of countless intellectuals, the birth of groups like Hezbollah in Lebanon, the September 11th terrorist attacks, and the rise of ISIS. Ghattas introduces us to a riveting cast of characters whose lives were upended by the geopolitical drama over four decades: from the Pakistani television anchor who defied her country’s dictator, to the Egyptian novelist thrown in jail for indecent writings all the way to the murder of journalist Jamal Khashoggi in the Saudi consulate in Istanbul in 2018. Black Wave is both an intimate and sweeping history of the region and will significantly alter perceptions of the Middle East.