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In August-September 1963, a high degree of stratification for both temperature and salinity was observed in the Laptev and East Siberian Seas. Temperatures decreased with depth and with distance away from the Siberian coast, and salinities decreased vertically from the bottom and toward the coast. The five large rivers emptying into the Laptev Sea influence the temperature-salinity characteristics to a great extent causing high temperatures and low salinities near the coast and in the upper layers seaward. The Lena River fluvial plume, on the basis of salinity distribution, was observed to extend in a north to northeasterly direction from the river delta. The combined effects of the Khatanga and Anabar River runoff extended in a northeasterly direction from the Khatanga River Estuary with vertical distribution of the low salinity water limited to the upper 10 meters. Water of three temperature-salinity relationships was observed in the East Siberian Sea in both 1963 and 1964. Near the coast, between the Indigirka River and Chaunskaya Bay, warm low salinity water was observed. In the sea's shallower western regions, cold water with slightly higher salinities was noted. Both of these water types can be attributed to river runoff with cooling and mixing in transit accounting for the colder water and higher salinities. Water in the eastern East Siberian Sea through Long Strait and into the Chukchi Sea was observed to have water as cold as -1.8C and as warm as 1.4C associated with salinities from 28 to 33%. Lower dissolved oxygen values were present in Lena River effluent than in water in the northern and western Laptev Sea. (Author).
This catalog of unclassified official Naval Oceanographic Office publications issued through 1983 contains a short explanatory abstract for each listing.
The presence, and apparently specialized nature, of Soviet submarines in the Arctic has encouraged the U.S. Navy to take a more active role in investigating the Arctic environment especially relevant to antisubmarine warfare. This report presents an abridgement of some of the knowledge of the Arctic environment relevant to specific disciplines and is a starting point for new investigators of Arctic phenomena pertinent to naval operations. Topics covered include: Sea ice; Arctic oceanography; General climatology; Comparison of U.S. --U.S.S.R. Arctic programs; Arctic acoustics; Submarines in the Arctic; Arctic remote sensing; Adapting to the environment; Logistics. Appendices summarize information about the Barents Sea, Beaufort Sea, Chukchi Sea, Kara Sea, Greenland Sea, Laptev Sea, Sea of Okhotsk, East Siberian Sea, Labrador Sea, Baffin Bay/Davis Strait, Bering Sea, Norwegian Sea, and the Central Arctic. A bibliography and a summary of the WMO sea ice classification are also provided.