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The great role of the visual apparatus in carryoing out human functions during space flight determines the signi ficance given by physiologists and engineers to the questions of the state of the visual analyzer during space flight under the influence of various types of adverse factors. Soviet scientists and engineers, specialists in engineering psychology and ophthalmologists have carried out experimental studies, using for this purpose the Vostok and Voskhod launches. The design of these ships permits observing the earth's surface with the unaided eye. Objectives of the experiments were: - a check of the spectral sensitivity of the eyes under conditions of weightlessness; - a check of the visual acuity of cosmonauts both as the vehicle approaches orbit and under conditions of orbital flight; -a determination of the possibility of identifying various natural formations on the earth; - a determination of optimum illuminating conditions inside the ship's cabin.