Download Free Some Properties Of Differentiable Varieties And Transformations Book in PDF and EPUB Free Download. You can read online Some Properties Of Differentiable Varieties And Transformations and write the review.

The present volume contains, together with numerous additions and extensions, the course of lectures which I gave at Pavia (26 September till 5 October 1955) by invitation of the «Centro Internazionale Mate matico Estivo». The treatment has the character of a monograph, and presents various novel features, both in form and in substance; these are indicated in the notes which will be found at the beginning and end of each chapter. Of the nine parts into which the work is divided, the first four are essentially differential in character, the next three deal with algebraic geometry, while the last two are concerned with certain aspects of the theory of differential equations and of correspondences between topo logical varieties. A glance at the index will suffice to give a more exact idea of the range and variety of the contents, whose chief characteristic is that of establishing suggestive and sometimes unforeseen relations between apparently diverse subjects (e. g. differential geometry in the small and also in the large, algebraic geometry, function theory, topo logy, etc.); prominence is given throughout to the geometrical viewpoint, and tedious calculations are as far as possible avoided.
Providing an introduction to both classical and modern techniques in projective algebraic geometry, this monograph treats the geometrical properties of varieties embedded in projective spaces, their secant and tangent lines, the behavior of tangent linear spaces, the algebro-geometric and topological obstructions to their embedding into smaller projective spaces, and the classification of extremal cases. It also provides a solution of Hartshorne’s Conjecture on Complete Intersections for the class of quadratic manifolds and new short proofs of previously known results, using the modern tools of Mori Theory and of rationally connected manifolds. The new approach to some of the problems considered can be resumed in the principle that, instead of studying a special embedded manifold uniruled by lines, one passes to analyze the original geometrical property on the manifold of lines passing through a general point and contained in the manifold. Once this embedded manifold, usually of lower codimension, is classified, one tries to reconstruct the original manifold, following a principle appearing also in other areas of geometry such as projective differential geometry or complex geometry.
In the last few decades the theory of ordinary differential equations has grown rapidly under the action of forces which have been working both from within and without: from within, as a development and deepen ing of the concepts and of the topological and analytical methods brought about by LYAPUNOV, POINCARE, BENDIXSON, and a few others at the turn of the century; from without, in the wake of the technological development, particularly in communications, servomechanisms, auto matic controls, and electronics. The early research of the authors just mentioned lay in challenging problems of astronomy, but the line of thought thus produced found the most impressive applications in the new fields. The body of research now accumulated is overwhelming, and many books and reports have appeared on one or another of the multiple aspects of the new line of research which some authors call" qualitative theory of differential equations". The purpose of the present volume is to present many of the view points and questions in a readable short report for which completeness is not claimed. The bibliographical notes in each section are intended to be a guide to more detailed expositions and to the original papers. Some traditional topics such as the Sturm comparison theory have been omitted. Also excluded were all those papers, dealing with special differential equations motivated by and intended for the applications.
In 1964 the author's mono graph "Differential- und Integral-Un gleichungen," with the subtitle "und ihre Anwendung bei Abschätzungs und Eindeutigkeitsproblemen" was published. The present volume grew out of the response to the demand for an English translation of this book. In the meantime the literature on differential and integral in equalities increased greatly. We have tried to incorporate new results as far as possible. As a matter of fact, the Bibliography has been almost doubled in size. The most substantial additions are in the field of existence theory. In Chapter I we have included the basic theorems on Volterra integral equations in Banach space (covering the case of ordinary differential equations in Banach space). Corresponding theorems on differential inequalities have been added in Chapter II. This was done with a view to the new sections; dealing with the line method, in the chapter on parabolic differential equations. Section 35 contains an exposition of this method in connection with estimation and convergence. An existence theory for the general nonlinear parabolic equation in one space variable based on the line method is given in Section 36. This theory is considered by the author as one of the most significant recent applications of in equality methods. We should mention that an exposition of Krzyzanski's method for solving the Cauchy problem has also been added. The numerous requests that the new edition include a chapter on elliptic differential equations have been satisfied to some extent.
X 1 O S R Cher lecteur, J'entre bien tard dans la sphere etroite des ecrivains au double alphabet, moi qui, il y a plus de quarante ans deja, avais accueilli sur mes terres un general epris de mathematiques. JI m'avait parle de ses projets grandioses en promettant d'ailleurs de m'envoyer ses ouvrages de geometrie. Je suis entiche de geometrie et c'est d'elle dontje voudrais vous parler, oh! certes pas de toute la geometrie, mais de celle que fait l'artisan qui taille, burine, amene, gauchit, peaufine les formes. Mon interet pour le probleme dont je veux vous entretenir ici, je le dois a un ami ebeniste. En effet comme je rendais un jour visite il cet ami, je le trouvai dans son atelier affaire a un tour. Il se retourna bientot, puis, rayonnant, me tendit une sorte de toupie et me dit: {laquo}Monsieur Besse, vous qui calculez les formes avec vos grimoires, que pensez-vous de ceci?)) Je le regardai interloque. Il poursuivit: {laquo}Regardez! Si vous prenez ce collier de laine et si vous le maintenez fermement avec un doigt place n'importe ou sur la toupie, eh bien! la toupie passera toujours juste en son interieur, sans laisser le moindre espace.)) Je rentrai chez moi, fort etonne, car sa toupie etait loin d'etre une boule. Je me mis alors au travail ...
In recent years there has been a large amount of work on invariant subspaces, motivated by interest in the structure of non-self-adjoint of the results have been obtained in operators on Hilbert space. Some the context of certain general studies: the theory of the characteristic operator function, initiated by Livsic; the study of triangular models by Brodskii and co-workers; and the unitary dilation theory of Sz. Nagy and Foia!? Other theorems have proofs and interest independent of any particular structure theory. Since the leading workers in each of the structure theories have written excellent expositions of their work, (cf. Sz.-Nagy-Foia!? [1], Brodskii [1], and Gohberg-Krein [1], [2]), in this book we have concentrated on results independent of these theories. We hope that we have given a reasonably complete survey of such results and suggest that readers consult the above references for additional information. The table of contents indicates the material covered. We have restricted ourselves to operators on separable Hilbert space, in spite of the fact that most of the theorems are valid in all Hilbert spaces and many hold in Banach spaces as well. We felt that this restriction was sensible since it eases the exposition and since the separable-Hilbert space case of each of the theorems is generally the most interesting and potentially the most useful case.
The theory cf quadratic forms and the intimately related theory of sym metrie bilinear forms have a lang and rich his tory, highlighted by the work of Legendre, Gauss, Minkowski, and Hasse. (Compare [Dickson] and [Bourbaki, 24, p. 185].) Our exposition will concentrate on the rela tively recent developments which begin with and are inspired by Witt's 1937 paper "Theorie der quadratischen Formen in beliebigen Körpern." We will be particularly interested in the work of A. Pfister and M. Knebusch. However, some older material will be described, particularly in Chapter II. The presentation is based on lectures by Milnor at the Institute for Ad vanced Study, and at Haverford College under the Phillips Lecture Pro gram, during the Fall of 1970, as weIl as Iectures at Princeton University il1 1966. We want to thank J. Cunningham, M. Knebusch, M. Kneser, A. Rosenberg, W. Scharlau and J.-P. Serre for helpful suggestions and corrections. Prerequisites. The reader should be familiar with the rudiments of algebra., incJuding for example the concept of tensor product for mo dules over a commutative ring. A few individual sections will require quite a bit more. The logical relationship between the various chapters can be roughly described by the diagram below. There are also five appendices, largely self-contained, which treat special topics. I. Arbitrary commutative rings I H. The ring of V. Miscellaneous IIl. Fields integers examples IV. Dedekind domains Contents Chapter r. Basie Coneepts ...
From the reviews: "This book presents an important and novel approach to Jordan algebras. [...] Springer's work will be of service to research workers familiar with linear algebraic groups who find they need to know something about Jordan algebras and will provide Jordan algebraists with new techniques and a new approach to finite-dimensional algebras over fields." American Scientist
The m-adic topologies and, in particular the notions of m-complete ring and m-completion A of a commutative ring A, occur frequently in commutative algebra and are also a useful tool in algebraic geometry. The aim of this work is to collect together some criteria concerning the ascent (from A to A) and the descent (from A to A) of several properties of commutative rings such as, for example: integrity, regularity, factoriality, normality, etc. More precisely, we want to show that many of the above criteria, although not trivial at all, are elementary consequences of some fundamental notions of commutative algebra and local algebra. Sometimes we are able to get only partial results, which probably can be improved by further deeper investigations. No new result has been included in this work. Its only origi nality is the choice of material and the mode of presentation. The comprehension of the most important statements included in this book needs only a very elementary background in algebra, ideal theory and general topology. In order to emphasize the elementary character of our treatment, we have recalled several well known definitions and, sometimes, even the proofs of the first properties which follow directly from them. On the other hand, we did not insert in this work some important results, such as the Cohen structure theorem on complete noetherian local rings, as we did not want to get away too much from the spirit of the book.
Analysis on Symmetric spaces, or more generally, on homogeneous spaces of semisimple Lie groups, is a subject that has undergone a vigorous development in recent years, and has become a central part of contemporary mathematics. This is only to be expected, since homogeneous spaces and group representations arise naturally in diverse contexts ranging from Number theory and Geometry to Particle Physics and Polymer Chemistry. Its explosive growth sometimes makes it difficult to realize that it is actually relatively young as mathematical theories go. The early ideas in the subject (as is the case with many others) go back to Elie Cart an and Hermann Weyl who studied the compact symmetric spaces in the 1930's. However its full development did not begin until the 1950's when Gel'fand and Harish Chandra dared to dream of a theory of representations that included all semisimple Lie groups. Harish-Chandra's theory of spherical functions was essentially complete in the late 1950's, and was to prove to be the forerunner of his monumental work on harmonic analysis on reductive groups that has inspired a whole generation of mathematicians. It is the harmonic analysis of spherical functions on symmetric spaces, that is at the focus of this book. The fundamental questions of harmonic analysis on symmetric spaces involve an interplay of the geometric, analytical, and algebraic aspects of these spaces. They have therefore attracted a great deal of attention, and there have been many excellent expositions of the themes that are characteristic of this subject.