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martyred President Ziaur Rahman, is known as the Shepherd King of Bengal. I saw Zia very closely. Millions of salutations and tributes are being paid to this great man today, on his 42nd martyrdom anniversary. Zia passed away at a time when Bangladesh's fractured political and social conditions were on the rise. At that moment, some dangerous army members of this country brutally killed the shepherd king Ziaur Rahman of Bengal. If he had lived for just 7 more years, maybe our golden Bangladesh would have been filled with gold. We didn't have to go abroad to look for labor jobs. We used to need working laborers in our country; it doesn't happen anymore. It's our misfortune. The way I saw Zia and heard her talk are some of her memories. I was very young, and I was very excited. At that time, only the names Zia and Zia were on the lips of big people. Hearing the name of Zia from those respected people, I was curious and thought, "People are so crazy about Zia Zia; who is this Zia? Village people used to talk, and I used to listen. They used to say that despite having 20 bighas of property, people had to go without food. It is known that the reason is that the yield of Aush Aman Boro paddy on the land was very insignificant. It was difficult to meet the annual rice expenses of a family with the crops that were produced. Even if two or three maunds of paddy were produced on one bigha of land, it would repeat itself on the land. By doing this, people will sell paddy from where they will meet the other expenses of the family. Because of this, people had a lot of trouble. Rakhal Raja Zia started researching what could be done for the farmers of Bangladesh by thinking about the plight and suffering of the people.
Bangladesh, the eastern half of earth’s largest delta, Bengal, is today an independent country of 163 million people. Among the 98% ethnic Bengali population, above 90 percent practice Islam. Surprisingly, Buddhism was the predominant religion of the region until the beginning of the 2nd millennium. In the midst of a long and fierce Brahman-Buddhist conflict, political Islam arrived in Bengal in the very early 13th century. Against the background of the above history, this book tells the story of successive religious and political transformations, touching upon the sensitive subject of Bengali Muslim identity. Encompassing a period of more than a millennium, it narrates a political history beginning with the independent Muslim Sultanate and closing with the 1971 liberation war of Bangladesh. The book concludes by discussing the present day, here termed “Authoritarian Secularism”.
Bangladesh did not exist as an independent state until 1971. Willem van Schendel's state-of-the-art history navigates the extraordinary twists and turns that created modern Bangladesh through ecological disaster, colonialism, partition, a war of independence and cultural renewal. In this revised and updated edition, Van Schendel offers a fascinating and highly readable account of life in Bangladesh over the last two millennia. Based on the latest academic research and covering the numerous historical developments of the 2010s, he provides an eloquent introduction to a fascinating country and its resilient and inventive people. A perfect survey for travellers, expats, students and scholars alike.
This book encapsulates the creation of Bangladesh with stories of some of those who made it happen —from the perspectives of people who fought for recognition of Bangla as one of the state languages of Pakistan, those who brought the stories of war to life as it progressed through the Swadhin Bangla Betar Kendro, operations by valiant military men, sacrifices of Birangonas (women of valour) whose contribution to the liberation of Bangladesh has often been neglected, martyrs who laid down their lives for the birth of the nation, and those who worked among the freedom fighters and refugees and kept their morale high. The emergence of Bangladesh in 1971 shaped both the nation and its narratives that revolved around partition of the subcontinent earlier in 1947. The history of Bangladesh was rewritten from the people’s perspective. The struggle of individuals and families who contributed to the liberation of Bangladesh is etched in blood and it is but natural that their perspectives would inform those interested in studying the history of liberation in a larger context. More than fifty years have passed since Bangladesh was liberated. Yet stories of individual suffering, sacrifices and contributions illustrate how people endured the repression inflicted by the Pakistan Army on them and yet fought gallantly. Three million were killed, 2 million were raped and 10 million became refugees in India. Bangladesh’s liberation war also represents the struggle of a people to preserve their culture and identity. This book captures all these and much more, bringing in reminiscences of what 1971 represented to those who contributed directly to the war of liberation. The book will be of interest to scholars and researchers of politics and international relations, partition studies, South Asian studies and refugee and diaspora studies. The chapters in this book were originally published in Strategic Analysis.
Thompson examines the neglected concept of democratic revolutions, spontaneous popular uprisings which topple unyielding dictators and begin a transition process that eventually results in the consolidation of democracy.
Since the beginning of time humans have traveled. Food, water, safety or acquisitions of resources (trade) were the early travel motivations. But the idea of travel for pleasure or exploration soon emerged. Travel has always depended upon technology to provide the means or mode of travel. The earliest travelers walked or rode domesticated animals. Tourism is a collection of activities, services and industries that delivers a travel experience, including transportation, accommodations, eating and drinking establishments, retail shops, entertainment businesses, activity facilities and other hospitality services provided for individuals or groups traveling away from home. The World Tourism Organization (WTO) claims that tourism is currently the world's largest industry with annual revenues of over $3 trillion dollars. Tourism provides over six million jobs in the United States, making it the country's largest employer. Presenting models and techniques for tourism forecasting at the outset, the book "e;World Tourism in the New Millennium"e; makes elaborate discussion on current and future scenario of tourism in North America, South America, Asia, Africa, and Europe. This unique presentation on current and future tourism scenario is a must for students, teachers, tour consultants, tour guides, tourists and general public.