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Much of the success of composites can be attributed to the development of innovative processes. Many useful composites are envisaged by materials scientists but the problem of how to make them is often the greater hurdle. This process-oriented book focuses on the basic principles of composite fabrication. Upon studying these processes, one is immediately struck by the diversity of ideas and techniques. In some cases, these have been borrowed from other technologies and were designed for use with quite different materials. In other cases some very clever new means have been developed which take account of the characteristics of metals and ceramics and the higher temperatures which are typically involved in their processing.
"Solidification Processing of Metal Matrix Composites" (MMCs) focuses primarily on microcomposites but also covers macrocomposites, nanocomposites and foams. There are four main areas detailed: fundamentals of solidification synthesis, which examines issues related to stir mixing, pressure infiltration, transfer of particles or fibers through gas-liquid and liquid-solid interfaces, and particle/fiber interactions with fluids; processing and microstructures, which focuses on microstructure formation during solidification of MMC under different conditions, such as nucleation, growth, heat transfer, microsegregation, macrosegregation and interactions between solidifying interfaces, particles and fibers; and, properties of solidification processing, covering the relationship between the microstructures and properties. Comparisons are made between properties of solidification processed composites and monolithic and composites made by solid and vapor phase processes. It also details the application of solidification processed MMCs, revealing current and future applications especially in automotive, aerospace, railroad, thermal management, electromechanical machinery and recreational equipment sectors.
This book represents a collection of papers presented at the NATO Advanced Research Workshop (NATO/ARW) on "Science and Technology of Rapid Solidification and Processing", held at Hotel Thayer, West Point Military Academy, New York, N. Y. , during June 21-24, 1994. The workshop was attended by over forty scientists representing several NATO member countries as well as representatives from Japan, China (PRC), Taiwan and India. The purpose of this NATO/ARW conference was to review the major advances made in most recent years in both the theoretical and experimental areas of rapid solidification technology and processing. In accordance with the NATO/ARW format, the agenda for the conference was so arranged to offer in depth presentation of the latest developments in the subject area as well as to encourage follow-up discussions by the participants. There was seven sessions each opened with a lecture by an invited guest speaker. Sessions 1-4, covered two days of the conference and focused mainly on Processing Technologies of Rapid Solidification and Thermodynamic Properties (Practical Applications). Sessions 4-6 concentrated on Thermodynamics of Metastable Alloys, Relaxation, Diffusion, Magnetic and Electric Properties (Fundamentals). Session 6 was devoted to the Structural Characterization of Supercooled Melts, Ultra Fine Polycrystalline Materials (New Innovations and Techniques). There were two equally important aspects of this NATO/ARW conference which must be mentioned. Firstly, this is the first NATO/ARW conference on Science and Technology of Rapid Solidification and Processing held in the United States.
Semi-solid metal (SSM) processing, as a viable alternative manufacturing route to those of conventional casting and forging, has not yet been fully exploited despite nearly half a century since its introduction to the metal industry. The slow pace of adopting SSM routes may be due to various reasons, including capital costs, profit margins, and, most importantly, the lack of detailed analysis of various SSM processes in open literature to confidently establish their advantages over more conventional routes. Therefore, the SSM community must disseminate their findings more effectively to generate increased confidence in SSM processes in the eyes of our industrial leaders. As such, we have embarked on the task to invite the leaders in SSM research to share their findings in a Special Issue dedicated to semi-solid processing of metals and composites. SSM processing takes advantage of both forming and shaping characteristics usually employed for liquid and solid materials. In the absence of shear forces, the semi-solid metal has similar characteristics to solids, i.e., easily transferred and shaped; by applying a defined force, the viscosity is reduced and the material flows like a liquid. These unique dual characteristics have made SSM routes attractive alternatives to conventional casting on an industrial scale. With the intention of taking full advantage of SSM characteristics, it is crucial to understand SSM processing, including topics such as solidification and structural evolution, flow behavior through modelling and rheology, new processes and process control, alloy development, and properties in general. This Special Issue focuses on the recent research and findings in the field with the aim of filling the gap between industry and academia, and to shed light on some of the fundamentals of science and technology of semi-solid processing.
Rapid solidification processing results in increased strength, and fracture and fatigue resistance of alloys, with concurrent improvements in mechanical, physical and chemical properties. This volume provides a systematic examination of this technology, including metallurgical aspects, processing methods, alloy design, and applications. Each chapter was prepared by a specialist for this volume. The text is well illustrated with more than 400 micrographs and schematics. More than 75 tables provide important reference data.
This book explores the application of external physical fields to the solidification processing of metallic alloys. Leading academics from around the world present comprehensive and critical reviews on state-of-the-art research and discuss possible future directions. Major physical fields, including electromagnetic, electric, acoustic, and thermal, are considered. In addition, the most advanced synchrotron X-ray based real-time and in-situ studies and numerical modeling methodologies are reviewed and discussed, with a special emphasis on their applications to the solidification processes. Throughout, all chapters are illustrated with both historical and very recent research cases, including typical examples of in-situ studies, modeling, and simulation. This book contains essential knowledge and information suitable for a wide audience, from undergraduate and postgraduate students to academics, practicing researchers, and engineers in materials, metallurgy, and manufacturing.
In this research program, two solidification processing technique, that is spray atomization and deposition, and low pressure plasma spraying (LPPS) were both experimentally and theoretically studied for processing refractory metals and alloys such as tantalum alloys and tungsten, and refractory intermetallic composites, such as SiC reinforced MoSi2 composites. In this final report, the aforementioned experimental and numerical results are described and discussed in four respective sections, which are numerical analysis of droplet-gas interactions in spray atomization of Ta-(2.5w) alloy; low pressure plasma spraying of tungsten; numerical analysis of porosity evolution during low pressure plasma spraying of tungsten; and microstructure and behavior of low pressure plasma deposited SiC-reinforced MoSi2. In addition, the work on the elevated temperature deformation of 6061 aluminum alloy and SiC particulate reinforced 6061 aluminum composites is also included. jg p.1.