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The energetics and mechanisms of diffusion control the kinetics of such diverse phenomena as the fabrication of semiconductors and superconductors, the tempering of steel, geological metamorphism, the precipitation hardening of nonferrous alloys and corrosion of metals and alloys. This work explains the fundamentals of diffusion in the solid state at a level suitable for upper-level undergraduate and beginning graduate students in materials science, metallurgy, mineralogy, and solid state physics and chemistry. A knowledge of physical chemistry such as is generally provided by a one-year undergraduate course is a prerequisite, though no detailed knowledge of solid state physics or crystallography is required.
The interest in diffusion in solids is as old as physical metallurgy or materials science. It stems from application-oriented as well as from scientific reasons. First, a knowledge of diffusion is basic to an understanding of many microstructural changes that occur in solid matter at elevated temperatures. For processes like phase transformations, precipitation or dissolution of a second phase, recrystallization, oxidation, creep, annealing etc., solid state diffusion is fundamental and ubiquitous. The second reason for studying diffusion is to learn more about how atoms move in solid matter. Volume III/26 presents for the first time a comprehensive collection of diffusion data for solid metals and alloys. The critical compilation of data has resulted in tables and series of diagrams which show in 13 chapters data for the following properties: Self- and impurity-diffusion in metallic elements, self-diffusion in homogeneous binary alloys, chemical diffusion in binary and ternary alloys, diffusion in amorphous alloys, diffusion of interstitial foreign atoms like hydrogen, carbon, oxygen and nitrogen in metallic elements, mass and pressure dependence of diffusion, diffusion along dislocations, grain and interphase boundary diffusion, and diffusion on surfaces.
This book describes the central aspects of diffusion in solids, and goes on to provide easy access to important information about diffusion in metals, alloys, semiconductors, ion-conducting materials, glasses and nanomaterials. Coverage includes diffusion-controlled phenomena including ionic conduction, grain-boundary and dislocation pipe diffusion. This book will benefit graduate students in such disciplines as solid-state physics, physical metallurgy, materials science, and geophysics, as well as scientists in academic and industrial research laboratories.
Handbook of Solid State Diffusion, Volume 1: Diffusion Fundamentals and Techniques covers the basic fundamentals, techniques, applications, and latest developments in the area of solid-state diffusion, offering a pedagogical understanding for students, academicians, and development engineers. Both experimental techniques and computational methods find equal importance in the first of this two-volume set. Volume 1 covers the fundamentals and techniques of solid-state diffusion, beginning with a comprehensive discussion of defects, then different analyzing methods, and finally concluding with an exploration of the different types of modeling techniques. - Presents a handbook with a short mathematical background and detailed examples of concrete applications of the sophisticated methods of analysis - Enables readers to learn the basic concepts of experimental approaches and the computational methods involved in solid-state diffusion - Covers bulk, thin film, and nanomaterials - Introduces the problems and analysis in important materials systems in various applications - Collates contributions from academic and industrial problems from leading scientists involved in developing key concepts across the globe
This work is a classic reference text for metallurgists, material scientists and crystallographers. The first edition was published in 1965. The first part of that edition was revised and re-published in 1975 and again in 1981. The present two-part set represents the eagerly awaited full revision by the author of his seminal work, now published as Parts I and II. Professor Christian was one of the founding fathers of materials science and highly respected worldwide. The new edition of his book deserves a place on the bookshelf of every materials science and engineering department. Suitable thermal and mechanical treatments will produce extensive rearrangements of the atoms in metals and alloys, and corresponding marked variations in physical and chemical properties. This book describes how such changes in the atomic configuration are effected, and discusses the associated kinetic and crystallographic features. It deals with areas such as lattice geometry, point defects, dislocations, stacking faults, grain and interphase boundaries, solid solutions, diffusion, etc. The first part covers the general theory while the second part is concerned with descriptions of specific types of transformations.
Developed by the late metallurgy professor and master experimentalist Hubert I. Aaronson, this collection of lecture notes details the fundamental principles of phase transformations in metals and alloys upon which steel and other metals industries are based. Mechanisms of Diffusional Phase Transformations in Metals and Alloys is devoted to solid-s
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This new game book for understanding atoms at play aims to document diffusion processes and various other properties operative in advanced technological materials. Diffusion in functional organic chemicals, polymers, granular materials, complex oxides, metallic glasses, and quasi-crystals among other advanced materials is a highly interactive and synergic phenomenon. A large variety of atomic arrangements are possible. Each arrangement affects the performance of these advanced, polycrystalline multiphase materials used in photonics, MEMS, electronics, and other applications of current and developing interest. This book is written by pioneers in industry and academia for engineers, chemists, and physicists in industry and academia at the forefront of today's challenges in nanotechnology, surface science, materials science, and semiconductors.