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This book provides results of analysis of typical solar events, statistical analysis, the diagnostics of energetic electrons and magnetic field, as well as the global behavior of solar flaring loops such as their contraction and expansion. It pays particular attention to analyzing solar flare loops with microwave, hard X-ray, optical and EUV emissions, as well as the theories of their radiation, and electron acceleration/transport. The results concerning influence of the pitch-angle anisotropy of non-thermal electrons on their microwave and hard X-ray emissions, new spectral behaviors in X-ray and microwave bands, and results related to the contraction of flaring loops, are widely discussed in the literature of solar physics. The book is useful for graduate students and researchers in solar and space physics.
The Sun as a Guide to Stellar Physics illustrates the significance of the Sun in understanding stars through anexamination of the discoveries and insights gained from solar physics research. Ranging from theories to modelingand from numerical simulations to instrumentation and data processing, the book provides an overview of whatwe currently understand and how the Sun can be a model for gaining further knowledge about stellar physics.Providing both updates on recent developments in solar physics and applications to stellar physics, this bookstrengthens the solar–stellar connection and summarizes what we know about the Sun for the stellar, space, andgeophysics communities. - Applies observations, theoretical understanding, modeling capabilities and physical processes first revealed by the sun to the study of stellar physics - Illustrates how studies of Proxima Solaris have led to progress in space science, stellar physics and related fields - Uses characteristics of solar phenomena as a guide for understanding the physics of stars
A thorough introduction to solar physics based on recent spacecraft observations. The author introduces the solar corona and sets it in the context of basic plasma physics before moving on to discuss plasma instabilities and plasma heating processes. The latest results on coronal heating and radiation are presented. Spectacular phenomena such as solar flares and coronal mass ejections are described in detail, together with their potential effects on the Earth.
Kappa Distributions: Theory and Applications in Plasmas presents the theoretical developments of kappa distributions, their applications in plasmas, and how they affect the underpinnings of our understanding of space and plasma physics, astrophysics, and statistical mechanics/thermodynamics. Separated into three major parts, the book covers theoretical methods, analytical methods in plasmas, and applications in space plasmas. The first part of the book focuses on basic aspects of the statistical theory of kappa distributions, beginning with their connection to the solid backgrounds of non-extensive statistical mechanics. The book then moves on to plasma physics, and is devoted to analytical methods related to kappa distributions on various basic plasma topics, spanning linear/nonlinear plasma waves, solitons, shockwaves, and dusty plasmas. The final part of the book deals with applications in space plasmas, focusing on applications of theoretical and analytical developments in space plasmas from the heliosphere and beyond, in other astrophysical plasmas. Kappa Distributions is ideal for space, plasma, and statistical physicists; geophysicists, especially of the upper atmosphere; Earth and planetary scientists; and astrophysicists. - Answers important questions, such as how plasma waves are affected by kappa distributions and how solar wind, magnetospheres, and other geophysical, space, and astrophysical plasmas can be modeled using kappa distributions - Presents the features of kappa distributions in the context of plasmas, including how kappa indices, temperatures, and densities vary among the species populations in different plasmas - Provides readers with the information they need to decide which specific formula of kappa distribution should be used for a certain occasion and system (toolbox)
Since its launch in 2013, IRIS has observed more than 10 X-class, over 100 M-class and more than 600 C-class flares at unprecedented spatial and temporal resolution. Thanks to the rich diagnostics that cover the physical conditions of the solar atmosphere from the photosphere to the hottest parts of the flaring corona, IRIS observations have provided exciting new results and constraints on flare heating models, significantly expanding our knowledge of how flares are triggered, and how the non-thermal energy is released, propagates downward from the corona, and is deposited in the low atmosphere. At the same time, the new discoveries provided by IRIS have raised new unresolved questions and new challenges for theoretical models. For instance, current hydrodynamic models still cannot fully explain many features observed by IRIS during both the impulsive and gradual phases such as the dynamics of the evaporative/condensation flows, the large line broadenings, and the puzzling complex and broad chromospheric lines. In addition, important questions remain regarding the details of the energy propagation and dissipation in flares, the importance of Alfvén waves vs electron-beam and thermal conduction heating, and the effects from large-scale reconfiguration of the magnetic field during flares.
These proceedings contain the review and contributed papers given at the SMY--SMA Workshop held in Irkutsk (USSR), 17--24 June 1985. The main themes of the Workshop were plasma physics and magnetohydrodynamics with applications to processes occurring in solar flares. The papers published in this volume are organized around the following topics: -- the reconnection of coronal magnetic fields as a source of flare energy -- the acceleration of particles to high energies -- the dynamics of interplanetary clouds and shocks