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Excerpt from Soils of the Eastern United States and Their Use X: The Marshall Silt Loam Not infrequently, however, there are found within the sub-soil concretions and accumulations of lime carbonate, and occasionally the limy remains of shells, principally of land forms of organic life. The Marshall silt loam is derived from the extensive body of fine silty rock powder which overspreads a considerable proportion of the central prairie States, mantling the older rock formations and covering the underlying glacial till to varying depths. This silty material doubtless originated from the outpouring of turbid water through the melting of the glacial ice during one of the later stages of its recession. It was widely distributed over the central portion of the Mississippi drainage region, and there is good evidence to show that when the surface of this material became dried and powdery it was taken up by the winds and thus distributed even over the higher elevations of that region hi the form of a thin mantle of loess. In fact the Marshall silt loam is one of several important soil types derived directly from the partial weathering of this loess mantle. It constitutes the brown prairie areas, stone free, and gently rolling to undulating in its characteristic surface features. The Marshall silt loam and other soils of the Marshall series are thus distinguished from the soils of the Miami series, which are light colored and derived from the weathering of the glacial till, and also from the black soils of the Carrington series, which resemble it in color, but have also been derived principally from ice-laid materials. It is separable from the soils of the Knox series, which also owe their origin to the surface layer of loess, in that the latter are distinguished by light-colored surface soils and are found within the timbered areas as contrasted with the prairie areas in which the darker Marshall soils occur. The black soils of the Waukesha series usually occur to the northward of the regions occupied by the Marshall silt loam and its associates, and the Waukesha soils are derived from the coarser outwash laid down directly by the action of moving water. The Marshall silt loam may be briefly characterized as the most important soil of that series, and as the brown to black silty prairie soil formed from the modification of the surface materials of the loess. Surface Features And Drainage. Throughout its entire extent the Marshall silt loam is marked by nearly level, slightly undulating, or gently rolling surface topography. Only where the larger streams have cut deep trenches are sloping areas found within this type. These, even, are infrequent since the eroded and sloping bluffs of the loess along the stream drainage ways are most frequently timbered and possess the lighter colored surface soils, thus falling within the Knox series as contrasted with the Marshall. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.
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Excerpt from Soils of the Eastern United States and Their Use, Vol. 11: The Knox Silt Loam The Knox silt loam is extensively developed from Indiana west ward to Nebraska and from the Ohio River north to southern Wis consin. It is the most extensive of the forested, silty soils derived from the loess. In many areas the surface of the Knox silt loam is hilly to steep, and such areas remain in forest to be used for woodlot or pasturage purposes. In other areas the surface is undulating to rolling, and power machinery may be used over the entire area of the type. The surface drainage of the type is' generally adequate, although local areas require the assistance Of tile underdrainage to improve subsoil drainage conditions. The Knox silt loam is not infrequently somewhat deficient in organic matter and the increase of the yields of the general crops produced upon it is largely dependent upon the restoration Of organic matter to this soil. The Knox silt loam is a subordinate soil for the production of corn in the majority of areas where it is tilled, although fair average yields are secured by the best farmers. It is one of the principal winter wheat soils of southern Indiana and adjoining territory, the yields ranging from 10 to 18 bushels per acre and averaging 11 to 12 bushels over considerable areas. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.
Excerpt from Soils of the Eastern United States and Their Use XXXVI: The Volusia Silt Loam Its surface varies, therefore, from nearly level or gently rolling to steeply sloping and almost precipitous. The greatest part of the type lies at altitudes ranging from 1,200 to 2,000 feet above tide level. Some portions of it rise to an extreme elevation of approximately 2,300 feet, while the areas found in northeastern Ohio are much less hilly and lie between 900 and 1,100 feet. The surface drainage of the Volusia silt loam is fairly adequate over the greater part of the type. Numerous springs found upon the hill slopes give rise to small swampy areas and some of the more level tracts are so closely underlain by impervious rock as to be poorly drained. The greatest difficulty with drainage, however, arises from the compacted and dense condition of the subsoil just below plow depth. Long-continued plowing to the same depth, often at times when the subsoil was too wet, has compacted and hardened the layer upon which the plow sole rides, forming what is locally known as "hardpan." This hardpan seriously interferes with the natural internal drainage of the type. Upon the more level areas of this soil erosion is not a serious problem, but there are many steep slopes within its boundaries which may be protected from destructive washing only through remaining in permanent pasture or in woodlot or forest. From many such slopes, denuded of forest when the region was cleared, practically all of the original soil has been removed, leaving only a mass of shale fragments mingled with a small amount of earth. Such slopes should never have been cleared. They comprise possibly 15 per cent of the total area of the type. The Volusia silt loam occurs at high elevations in a cold northern region. It is a moderately well drained soil, of rather heavy texture, suited under ordinary conditions only to the production of hardy crops which mature in a short growing season. The greater proportion of the type lies at too great an elevation to permit of maturing any variety of corn except the flint, and even this can only be grown for silage in the majority of years. The crop adaptation of the type is therefore restricted by its inherent characteristics and by its climatic surroundings to buckwheat, oats, Irish potatoes, and hay. Other crops are grown to a limited extent, and the better drained areas, which may also lie at lower elevations, possess a greater range in crop adaptations than the general average of the type. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.