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De Detroit à Lahore, la plupart des villes du monde sont confrontées à des difficultés financières, alors même qu’elles doivent assumer des responsabilités de plus en plus complexes. Le présent ouvrage, Finances municipales : manuel à l’usage des collectivités locales, prend parti — le parti des maires et des gestionnaires municipaux. Rares sont les publications consacrées à cette question qui ciblent de façon aussi directe et pragmatique les responsables de l’action publique et le personnel financier à l’échelon local. Le contenu et les principaux messages de ce manuel ont été conçus de manière à répondre aux questions et préoccupations auxquelles les villes et les municipalités sont quotidiennement confrontées dans le cadre de la gestion de leurs finances. Le manuel Finances municipales prend position. Les auteurs de ses huit chapitres examinent les enseignements observés dans divers domaines : relations entre administrations, finances des métropoles, gestion financière, gestion des recettes, des dépenses et du patrimoine public, financements extérieurs et évaluation de la performance des finances municipales. L’ouvrage traite de sujets allant de la decentralisation à la transparence et à l’obligation de rendre compte. Il explore aussi des domaines moins balisés tels que la gestion du patrimoine, la solvabilité, la réponse aux crises financières. Le manuel Finances municipales appelle a l’ action. En plus de partager avec le lecteur un savoir très pointu sur de nombreux sujets techniques, il guide les autorités locales dans le labyrinthe des instruments existants. L’outil d’auto-évaluation des finances municipales (MFSA), décrit au chapitre 8, devrait tout particulièrement aider les municipalités à évaluer leur situation et à progresser sur la voie des réformes.
La montée des préoccupations environnementales coïncide avec la facilité d'accès à des éléments de connaissance qui sont censés favoriser une perception plus aiguë des problématiques écologiques. Or, cela ne suffit pas à générer des comportements plus responsables envers la nature et les générations à venir. Il est nécessaire de reconsidérer la question environnementale à l'heure de nouvelles médiations informationnelles pour pouvoir composer un monde commun avec une pluralité de régimes d'attention. Les analyses transdisciplinaires qui composent cet ouvrage abordent ensemble les conflits interprétatifs relatifs aux problèmes environnementaux et les environnements médiatiques, dans toute leur hétérogénéité et leur nouveauté. L'analyse de l'exposition des subjectivités individuelles et collectives aux flux informationnels permet ici de mieux comprendre ce que serait une gouvernance réflexive. Conflits des interprétations dans la société de l'information permet de répondre adéquatement à une éthique et une politique de l'environnement.
The question of recourse to self-medication arises at the intersection of two partly antagonistic discourses: that of the public authorities, who advocate the practice primarily for economic reasons, and that of health professionals, who condemn it for fear that it may pose a danger to health and dispossess the profession of expertise. This books examines the reality of self-medication in context and investigates the social treatment of the notion of autonomy ever present in the discourses promoting this practice. Drawing on fieldwork conducted in France, the author examines the material, cognitive, symbolic and social dimensions of the recourse to self-medication, considering the motivations and practices of the subjects and what these reveal about their relationship with the medical institution, while addressing the question of open access to medicines – a subject of heated debate between the actors concerned on themes such as competence, knowledge and responsibility. A rigorous analysis of the strategies adopted by individuals to manage the risks of medicines and increase their efficacy, Self-Medication and Society will appeal to sociologists and anthropologists with interests in health, illness, the body and medicine.
This book presents the proceedings of the first International Symposium on Theory and Practice in Transport Economics.
In recent years public management research in a variety of disciplines has paid increasing attention to the role of citizens and the third sector in the provision of public services. Several of these efforts have employed the concept of co-production to better understand and explain this trend. This book aims to go further by systematizing the growing body of academic papers and reports that focus on various aspects of co-production and its potential contribution to new public governance. It has an interdisciplinary focus that makes a unique contribution to the body of knowledge in this field, at the cross-roads of a number of disciplines - including business administration, policy studies, political science, public management, sociology, third sector studies, etc. The unique presentation of them together in this volume both allows for comparing and contrasting these different perspectives and for potential theoretical collaboration and development. More particularly, this volume addresses the following concerns: What is the nature of co-production and what challenges does it face? How can we conceptualize the concept of co-production? How does co-production works in practice? How does co-production unfold in reality? What can be the effects of co-production? And more specific, firstly, how can co-production contribute to service quality and service management in public services, and secondly, what is the input of co-production on growing citizen involvement and development of participative democracy?
Wealth is no longer just an ability to live well in a world shaped by human activities. It is also an ability to push back or defer the limits of a world in biological and climatic closure. This book examines the theoretical conflicts and the power plays which often oppose the socio-political and technical-financial practices of recognition of what intervenes in the production of this wealth i.e. of what has value. It lays down the principles of a contributory modeling method, allowing debates around the concept of development; the building of scenarios; the negotiation of their implementation; and a cross-sectoral reading of their social, ecological and economic costs. This method, called Dynamic Modeling of Cost Systems, is based on a territorial communication device which articulates political, contractual and accounting innovations using deliberative and normative digital tools. It combines different local representations of value, in order to approach wealth through an integrated analysis of micro-, meso- and macro- issues.
The concepts of social enterprise and social entrepreneurship are rapidly attracting increased attention in academic spheres and from policy-makers, as well as field workers who are setting up new initiatives or reshaping their organizations. These concepts are perceived as defining innovative and dynamic responses to major global challenges in today’s societies. The debate about social enterprise is now world-wide, with lively exchanges between American and European scholars. However, the research and landscapes still differ significantly in different regions, and diversity also exists within specific regions such as Europe. This book presents the most comprehensive set of contributions reflecting the European-wide debate, but with frequent connections to developments in other parts of the world. This book is a result of work carried out by members of the EMES International Research Network, which is a pioneer in this field. Social Enterprise and the Third Sector will appeal to all researchers who focus on the third sector, social economy and social enterprise, to MBA and postgraduate students, as well as to intellectual social enterprise leaders and practitioners. It will soon become a key reference for all those who want to explore the full richness of these concepts and follow this important academic debate.