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This book is available directly from the publisher: Edicioners Gondo Maese Nicolas 9, 45224 Sesena, Toledo http: //www.edicionesgondo.com/
This book reviews labor market and tax policies to improve social protection policies in middle income countries, mostly Latin America and Asia. It reviews existing labor market distortions in these countries and analyzes various policy options to help reduce distorted incentives.
This study highlights the interaction between social protection programs and labor markets in the Latin America region. It presents new evidence on the limited coverage of existing programs and emphasizes the challenges caused by high informality for achieving universal social protection for old age income, for health, for unemployment risks and for anti poverty safety nets. It identifies interaction effects between SP programs and the behavioral responses of workers, firms and social protection providers, which can further undermine efforts to expand coverage, summarizing evidence from recent work across the region. It argues for a re-design of financing to eliminate cross subsidies between members of contributory programs and subsidies that effectively tax income from formal employment. Instead, it advocates well-targeted, tax-funded tapered subsidies to provide incentives to the savings efforts of low income workers, coupled with an effective safety net for the extreme poor who have no capacity to contribute to financing their own social protection arrangements. It also argues for the consolidation of programs and harmonization of benefits packages across different insurers. The book develops an overall conceptual framework and presents in-depth analysis of the main SP sectors of pensions, health, unemployment insurance and safety net transfers.
First published in 1998, this volume initially focused on Chilean pension reform, on which the author has published elsewhere, before moving onto Latin America more widely, with coverage extending from 1990 to the reform in Costa Rica and the Mexican pension reform in 1997. It emerged in the wake of reforms including in Peru (1993), Argentina and Colombia (1994) and Uruguay (1996). Particular focus is given to the new individual capitalization pension plans, along with arguments on the ignoring of pension schemes and its consequences, the connection of pension schemes to the labour market and the impact of pension schemes on the least advantaged. The Chilean model in particular has received praise from the IMF and the World Bank and these Latin American pension reforms will be of interest as a paradigm for other countries.
Empirical analysis of two decades of pioneering pension and social security reform in Latin America and the Caribbean shows that much has been achieved, but that critical challenges remain. In tackling this unfinished agenda, a great deal can be learned from the reform experience of countries in the region. 'Keeping the Promise,' produced by the chief economist's office for the Latin America and Caribbean region at the World Bank, evaluates policy reforms in 12 countries, points to successes and shortcomings, and proposes priorities and options for future reform.
The reform of social security pensions and healthcare is a key issue for the modern world, and in many ways Latin America has acted as a social laboratory for the reform of these systems. This is the first book to comprehensively study these influential reforms in Latin America's pension and health care systems.
This study reviews the findings of a number of background papers on social security in Latin America, sector work, and a series of three meetings of experts that explored the major issues facing social security institutions. In Latin America, social security institutes have been competently managed for the most part and have a proven record of successfully delivering social services to their members. The central theme of this report is the great, and largely untapped, potential of social security institutions to relieve poverty in Latin America. By taking advantage of the positive characteristics of these institutions and repairing at least some of the efficiency problems, countries could achieve an enhanced level of income security for the aged, better coverage of basic health services, and wider protection from economic disasters for the whole population. A wider revenue base would accommodate an increase in coverage of the population if combined with a prudently designed benefit package. There is ample evidence from countries in the region that have experimented with such reforms that they can be made, and that they are desirable and feasible on economic grounds. Political feasibility is more difficult to assess but can be enhanced by well informed, carefully designed reforms.