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Bestselling author Cass R. Sunstein reveals the appeal and the danger of conformity We live in an era of tribalism, polarization, and intense social division—separating people along lines of religion, political conviction, race, ethnicity, and sometimes gender. How did this happen? In Conformity, Cass R. Sunstein argues that the key to making sense of living in this fractured world lies in understanding the idea of conformity—what it is and how it works—as well as the countervailing force of dissent. An understanding of conformity sheds new light on many issues confronting us today: the role of social media, the rise of fake news, the growth of authoritarianism, the success of Donald Trump, the functions of free speech, debates over immigration and the Supreme Court, and much more. Lacking information of our own and seeking the good opinion of others, we often follow the crowd, but Sunstein shows that when individuals suppress their own instincts about what is true and what is right, it can lead to significant social harm. While dissenters tend to be seen as selfish individualists, dissent is actually an important means of correcting the natural human tendency toward conformity and has enormous social benefits in reducing extremism, encouraging critical thinking, and protecting freedom itself. Sunstein concludes that while much of the time it is in the individual’s interest to follow the crowd, it is in the social interest for individuals to say and do what they think is best. A well-functioning democracy depends on it.
Academic Paper from the year 2016 in the subject Sociology - Knowledge and Information, grade: 70, Moi University (Anthropology), course: Anthropology, language: English, abstract: When a person joins a social organization, it is imperative that they adapt to prosper. Change of values ordinarily occurs through compliance where one entertains and accepts the influence of comrades as they hope for favorable reactions from peers. This study was an examination of behavioral change in response to customary university values and roles) among students of Moi University main campus. The key objective was to examine factors determining behavioral change among students in Moi University. It examined the adaptive behavioral responses of students to university environmental impediments and explored strategies to encourage positive behavior development. The paper argues that students are disposed to adopt negative behavior at the University. The majority of students have inadequate fortitude and emotional intelligence to confront challenges inherent in the university environment. University rules and administration have range bound consequences on the behavior of students. The paper recommends the re-structuring of freshman orientation programs, peer mentorship, increased facilitation of student clubs and extracurricular activities, institutional recognition and awarding of outstanding students, and reconstitution of the university counseling program.
The Encyclopedia of Adolescence breaks new ground as an important central resource for the study of adolescence. Comprehensive in breath and textbook in depth, the Encyclopedia of Adolescence – with entries presented in easy-to-access A to Z format – serves as a reference repository of knowledge in the field as well as a frequently updated conduit of new knowledge long before such information trickles down from research to standard textbooks. By making full use of Springer’s print and online flexibility, the Encyclopedia is at the forefront of efforts to advance the field by pushing and creating new boundaries and areas of study that further our understanding of adolescents and their place in society. Substantively, the Encyclopedia draws from four major areas of research relating to adolescence. The first broad area includes research relating to "Self, Identity and Development in Adolescence". This area covers research relating to identity, from early adolescence through emerging adulthood; basic aspects of development (e.g., biological, cognitive, social); and foundational developmental theories. In addition, this area focuses on various types of identity: gender, sexual, civic, moral, political, racial, spiritual, religious, and so forth. The second broad area centers on "Adolescents’ Social and Personal Relationships". This area of research examines the nature and influence of a variety of important relationships, including family, peer, friends, sexual and romantic as well as significant nonparental adults. The third area examines "Adolescents in Social Institutions". This area of research centers on the influence and nature of important institutions that serve as the socializing contexts for adolescents. These major institutions include schools, religious groups, justice systems, medical fields, cultural contexts, media, legal systems, economic structures, and youth organizations. "Adolescent Mental Health" constitutes the last major area of research. This broad area of research focuses on the wide variety of human thoughts, actions, and behaviors relating to mental health, from psychopathology to thriving. Major topic examples include deviance, violence, crime, pathology (DSM), normalcy, risk, victimization, disabilities, flow, and positive youth development.
Report on a survey of the social implications of health service objectives undertaken to improve medical care programmes in the USA - covers environmental factors, the inadequacy of health insurance coverage, the role of physicians, nurses and other para-medical staff, mass media to reduce unhealthy nutrition habits, the use of drugs, smoking, alcoholism, etc. References at the end of each chapter, and statistical tables.