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Plant diseases are among the important factors that are responsible for causing yield loss in crop production. The loss due to diseases alone is estimated to be around 26 per cent. Diseases may attack at any stage of the standing crop, from seedlings till maturity of the crop. They may affect different parts of the plants, such as foliage, stem, root, flowers or seed and cause various types of symptoms, while the diseases such as wilt affect the entire plant. All these ultimately result in the reduction of yield and poor quality of the produce. Further, many pathogens continue to attack the stored grains and stored produce, and cause spoilage. To save the crops from diseases caused by pathogens and thereby to increase crop production, it is imminent that diseases have to be controlled by any means. To adopt various strategies for the control of pathogens, one should have some basic knowledge about the symptoms produced by the pathogens, their life cycle, mode of survival and spread, and the stage at which the host is most vulnerable to attack by the pathogens. Most of the cultivated varieties of different crops are susceptible to one disease or another, while some others are susceptible to many diseases. Even resistant cultivars of some of the crop species may become susceptible to some specific diseases in course of time as a result of development of new physiologic races of the pathogen by hybridization or natural mutation or when the environmental conditions are highly favorable for the pathogen and not quite favorable for the host. In this book the authors have given a detailed account of the major diseases of important field crops and horticultural crops, and their management. The text is substantiated with many hand-drawn illustrations, which are of excellent quality and in fact it is the highlight of the book. A on important edible mushrooms commonly grown in India, methods of cultivation of different mushrooms, diseases and pests attacking mushroom beds and mushrooms is also included in the book. This may be quite useful to emerging entrepreneur The book, which has been compiled as per the undergraduate syllabus of agricultural institutions, will also be of use to postgraduate students and to those working in the department of agriculture.
The concept of disease; The causes of disease; Diagnosis and control; Diseases caused by biotic agents; Fungi as plant pathogens; Bacteria as plant pathogens; Viruses as plant pathogens; Diseases caused by abiotic factors; Disease dynamics - the environment; The atmospheric environment; The soil environment; Disease dynamics - inoculum and the diseased plant; Disease dynamics - populations; Host-parasite interactions; Diagnosis of plant diseases; General approaches to disease control; Avoidance of the pathogen; Exclusion of the pathogen; Eradication of the pathogen; Protection of the plant; Development of resistant hosts; Therapy applied to the diseased plant; Cultural and biological control of disease; Producing and using pathogen-free propagating material; Adjusting crop culture to minimize disease; Sanitation; Control through disease resistance; Control through the use of chemicals; The strategy of control; Plant pathology faces the future; Glossary of plant-pathological.
A text and reference for students and professionals, this volume discusses the causes, distribution, symptoms, and control of the diseases of many of the world's important field crops. It covers approximately1,200 diseases on 25 plants grown throughout the world. Diseases are listed alphabetically by crop name under each type of causal organism, with each disease discussed by causes, distribution, symptoms, and control. Synonyms and common names for each disease are also included to aid in diagnosis.
Plant Pathology presents information and advances in plant pathology including disease induction and development and disease resistance and control. This book is organized into two major parts encompassing 14 chapters that focus on diseases, pathogenicity, and pathogen variability. The first part of the book deals with general considerations of disease, the disease cycle, parasitism and pathogenicity, and the variability in pathogens. This is followed by a presentation of the mechanisms by which pathogens cause disease and plants resist disease. Core chapters focus on the effects of pathogen-produced enzymes, toxins, growth regulators, and polysaccharides on the structural organization and on the basic physiological processes of photosynthesis, translocation, and respiration. The chapters also discuss the defense mechanisms of the plant. Moreover, this book explains the genetics of host-parasite interaction, effects of environment on disease development, and control. The second part of the book deals with the infectious diseases caused by fungi, bacteria, parasitic higher plants, viruses, and nematodes. This part also looks into the noninfectious diseases caused by environmental factors. The diseases caused by each type of pathogen are discussed comprehensively as a group and are subsequently discussed individually in detail. This book includes diagrams of cycles for each disease to create visual images for better understanding of the disease and message retention. This book is ideal for students with introductory course in plant pathology.
A comprehensive study of the causes of plant disease, the processes involved in plant-pathogen interaction, the genetics of pathogenesis, and the epidemiology of plant disease. Includes an assessment of the application of our knowledge to practical plant disease control.