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Growing urban populations prompted major changes in graveyard location, design, and use During the Industrial Revolution people flocked to American cities. Overcrowding in these areas led to packed urban graveyards that were not only unsightly, but were also a source of public health fears. The solution was a revolutionary new type of American burial ground located in the countryside just beyond the city. This rural cemetery movement, which featured beautifully landscaped grounds and sculptural monuments, is documented by James R. Cothran and Erica Danylchak in Grave Landscapes: The Nineteenth-Century Rural Cemetery Movement. The movement began in Boston, where a group of reformers that included members of the Massachusetts Horticultural Society were grappling with the city's mounting burial crisis. Inspired by the naturalistic garden style and melancholy-infused commemorative landscapes that had emerged in Europe, the group established a burial ground outside of Boston on an expansive tract of undulating, wooded land and added meandering roadways, picturesque ponds, ornamental trees and shrubs, and consoling memorials. They named it Mount Auburn and officially dedicated it as a rural cemetery. This groundbreaking endeavor set a powerful precedent that prompted the creation of similarly landscaped rural cemeteries outside of growing cities first in the Northeast, then in the Midwest and South, and later in the West. These burial landscapes became a cultural phenomenon attracting not only mourners seeking solace, but also urbanites seeking relief from the frenetic confines of the city. Rural cemeteries predated America's public parks, and their popularity as picturesque retreats helped propel America's public parks movement. This beautifully illustrated volume features more than 150 historic photographs, stereographs, postcards, engravings, maps, and contemporary images that illuminate the inspiration for rural cemeteries, their physical evolution, and the nature of the landscapes they inspired. Extended profiles of twenty-four rural cemeteries reveal the cursive design features of this distinctive landscape type prior to the American Civil War and its evolution afterward. Grave Landscapes details rural cemetery design characteristics to facilitate their identification and preservation and places rural cemeteries into the broader context of American landscape design to encourage appreciation of their broader influence on the design of public spaces.
Includes its Report, 1896-19 .
What can the religious objects used by nineteenth- and twentieth-century Americans tell us about American Christianity? What is the relationship between the beliefs of the faithful and the landscapes they build? This lavishly illustrated book investigates the history and meaning of Christian material culture in America over the last 150 years. Drawing on a rich array of historical sources and on in-depth interviews with Protestants, Catholics, and Mormons, Colleen McDannell examines the relationship between religion and mass consumption. She describes examples of nineteenth-century religious practice: Victorians burying their dead in cultivated cemetery parks; Protestants producing and displaying elaborate family Bibles; Catholics writing for special water from Lourdes reputed to have miraculous powers. And she looks at today's Christians: Mormons wearing sacred underclothing as a reminder of their religious promises, Catholics debating the design of tasteful churches, and Protestants manufacturing, marketing, and using a vast array of prints, clothing, figurines, jewelry, and toys that some label "Jesus junk" but that others see as a witness to their faith. McDannell claims that previous studies of American Christianity have overemphasized the written, cognitive, and ethical dimensions of religion, presenting faith as a disembodied system of beliefs. She shifts attention from the church and the theological seminary to the workplace, home, cemetery, and Sunday school, highlighting a different Christianity--one in which average Christians experience the divine, the nature of death, the power of healing, and the meaning of community through interacting with a created world of devotional images, environments, and objects.
"From the late eighteenth through the early twentieth centuries a sweeping movement in architectural and decorative taste dominated Western cultures. Known collectively by the descriptive term "Revival Styles," this phenomenon, which left a rich visual legacy upon the cultural landscapes of many nations, exhibited three primary manifestations: Classical (chiefly Greek and Roman), Gothic (or Medieval), and Egyptian (or Near Eastern). In America, for a variety of reasons, a significantly large amount of the creative energy inherent in the Revival movement was directed towards the conception and erection of spectacular monuments and memorials to prominent Americans. Frequently designed and executed by the leading architects and sculptors of the day, the great majority of these strikingly beautiful artifacts and structures were placed in the large "rural" cemeteries of American cities developed in the middle decades of the nineteenth century, where they remain for future generations to analyze and admire. In this richly illustrated volume, art historian Peggy McDowell and folklorist Richard E. Meyer blend their respective disciplinary perspectives, along with their shared long-standing fascination with cemeteries and funerary material culture, to provide a thoroughgoing descriptive analysis of this dramatic chapter in the history of American memorial art."--BOOK JACKET.Title Summary field provided by Blackwell North America, Inc. All Rights Reserved
An annotated listing of titles held at the Garden Library at Dumbarton Oaks, with an introduction discussing the evolution of American garden culture and landscape architecture in the course of the 19th century. Includes a chronological list of titles as well as an index and a good selection of bandw illustrations. Annotation copyrighted by Book News, Inc., Portland, OR
Her articles have appeared in the Journal of the Civil War Era and Markers: The Annual Journal of the Association for Gravestone Studies.