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In order to predict when and how a material will crack under environmental conditions, engineers used to subject it to pressure for a long time, up to a year in cases; about 20 years ago, a testing method was developed that slowly but inexorably increases the pressure, which seems to cut down the ti
This paper describes slow strain-rate test equipment, operable at elevated temperatures and pressures, that includes electrochemical potential control capability. Applications in caustic stress corrosion cracking (SCC) studies of both nuclear steam generator and fossil boiler materials are presented. Electrochemical potential regions for stress corrosion cracking of Inconel alloy 600, Incoloy alloy 800, and Type 304 stainless steel are compared to results obtained using constant load specimens. Tests with titanium stabilized Alloy 800 (Sanicro 30) tubular specimens also demonstrate the effect of potential on cracking mode. A comparison of SCC test results, using both long term exposure tests and short term straining electrode tests, is made between a mild steel and its weld metal. In these examples, favorable comparisons are obtained with tests using conventional methods, proving the value and usefulness of the slow straining device in accelerating SCC studies and in defining more accurately conditions under which SCC can occur.
Two practical stress corrosion investigations are outlined in which the results of slow strain-rate tests are compared with the results of other test methods.
A state-of-the-art survey was performed on slow strain rate (SSR) testing methods for the Materials Technology Institute of the Chemical Process Industries, Inc. (MTI). The goal of the survey was to determine if SSR testing methods yield useful data in predicting stress-corrosion cracking (SCC) susceptibility of metals used in the chemical process industry (CPI). The information was obtained by searching the literature and by sending out questionnaires to relevant sources. It was concluded that most reported cases of anomalous behavior with the SSR test technique can be attributed to inadequate control or measurement of strain rate or potential, which are the major controlling parameters for a specific material-environment combination.