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Scores of talented and dedicated people serve the forensic science community, performing vitally important work. However, they are often constrained by lack of adequate resources, sound policies, and national support. It is clear that change and advancements, both systematic and scientific, are needed in a number of forensic science disciplines to ensure the reliability of work, establish enforceable standards, and promote best practices with consistent application. Strengthening Forensic Science in the United States: A Path Forward provides a detailed plan for addressing these needs and suggests the creation of a new government entity, the National Institute of Forensic Science, to establish and enforce standards within the forensic science community. The benefits of improving and regulating the forensic science disciplines are clear: assisting law enforcement officials, enhancing homeland security, and reducing the risk of wrongful conviction and exoneration. Strengthening Forensic Science in the United States gives a full account of what is needed to advance the forensic science disciplines, including upgrading of systems and organizational structures, better training, widespread adoption of uniform and enforceable best practices, and mandatory certification and accreditation programs. While this book provides an essential call-to-action for congress and policy makers, it also serves as a vital tool for law enforcement agencies, criminal prosecutors and attorneys, and forensic science educators.
This report of the President's Commission on Law Enforcement and Administration of Justice -- established by President Lyndon Johnson on July 23, 1965 -- addresses the causes of crime and delinquency and recommends how to prevent crime and delinquency and improve law enforcement and the administration of criminal justice. In developing its findings and recommendations, the Commission held three national conferences, conducted five national surveys, held hundreds of meetings, and interviewed tens of thousands of individuals. Separate chapters of this report discuss crime in America, juvenile delinquency, the police, the courts, corrections, organized crime, narcotics and drug abuse, drunkenness offenses, gun control, science and technology, and research as an instrument for reform. Significant data were generated by the Commission's National Survey of Criminal Victims, the first of its kind conducted on such a scope. The survey found that not only do Americans experience far more crime than they report to the police, but they talk about crime and the reports of crime engender such fear among citizens that the basic quality of life of many Americans has eroded. The core conclusion of the Commission, however, is that a significant reduction in crime can be achieved if the Commission's recommendations (some 200) are implemented. The recommendations call for a cooperative attack on crime by the Federal Government, the States, the counties, the cities, civic organizations, religious institutions, business groups, and individual citizens. They propose basic changes in the operations of police, schools, prosecutors, employment agencies, defenders, social workers, prisons, housing authorities, and probation and parole officers.
The Prevent strategy, launched in 2007 seeks to stop people becoming terrorists or supporting terrorism both in the UK and overseas. It is the preventative strand of the government's counter-terrorism strategy, CONTEST. Over the past few years Prevent has not been fully effective and it needs to change. This review evaluates work to date and sets out how Prevent will be implemented in the future. Specifically Prevent will aim to: respond to the ideological challenge of terrorism and the threat we face from those who promote it; prevent people from being drawn into terrorism and ensure that they are given appropriate advice and support; and work with sectors and institutions where there are risks of radicalization which need to be addressed
This is the official report of the independent inquiry into the events leading up to the death of Victoria Climbiâ, an eight year old child who died in hospital in February 2000 of injuries sustained after months of abuse. The report by Lord Laming finds that the death represents a gross failure of the system of public agencies involved to protect vulnerable children from deliberate harm, and this failure is primarily due to 'widespread organisational malaise'. The agencies involved were under-funded, inadequately staffed and often showed a lack of even basic good practice. However, the key issue is one of lack of leadership and accountability shown by senior level management of the agencies involved, rather than just a structural or staffing problem. The legislative framework for child protection is judged to be basically sound; the problem lies more with its implementation. The report contains 108 recommendations for fundamental changes to the way social care, healthcare and police child protection services are organised and managed at national and local level in England, in order to establish a clear line of accountability in the provision of services for vulnerable children and the support of families. These include: i) the creation of a Children and Families Board within the government, to be chaired by a minister of Cabinet rank; ii) the creation of a National Agency for Children and Families with responsibility to advise the Board on policies that affect the well-being of children and families, and the discretion to conduct serious case reviews; and iii) the creation of a Management Board and a Committee at local authority level, involving senior management representatives. Other recommendations relate to improvements in the exchange of information within and between agencies; the feasibility of a national children's database to record any contact a child has with any key protection service; service funding issues; staff training and supervision.