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The Great Fire of 1666 devastated the centre of London, with a loss of old St Paul's and eighty-six parish churches. Sir Christopher Wren, working with Commissioners appointed by Parliament, was responsible for rebuilding the cathedral and fifty-one of the parish churches, although the immediate need to start rebuilding made his design for an overall replanning of the City impossible. The work was funded by a tax on coals brought into the City of London. Much has been written about Wren's rebuilding of St Paul's, while the other fifty-ne parish chirches he was appointed to reconstruct are generally overlooked. This is the first modern book to examine them as a whole. Paul Jeffery describes how and when the churches were built, exploring the respective contributions of Wren and of his two principal assistants, Robert Hooke and Nicholas Hawksmoor. The result of their work was a unique set of contemporary churches. While not all are of the standard of Wren's masterpieces, such as St Stephen Walbrook and St Bride's, none is without architectural merit and interest. The second part of the book is a gazetteer of all the churches, including those that no longer exist. The book is heavily illustrated and provides a visual strong record of all the churches. Since they were built the Wren churches have suffered steady losses. St Christopher-le-Stocks was demolished in 1782 to make way for the Bank of England. Others, such as St Dionis Backchurch and St Antholin Budge Row, were lost to Victorian parish rationalisation. Many were destroyed or badly damaged in the Second World War. Only twenty-three of the original fifty-one remain. These are now under threat again, with the Templeman Report's proposal that only four of the existing churches (none by Wren) should be retained as parish churches. They provide a test case of conservation, sitting as they do in the middle of the City of London. The City Churches of Sir Christopher Wren presents a clear case both for their importance and for their preservation.
A short history of the 51 Wren-designed churches in the city of London.
Excerpt from The London City Churches: Their Use, Their Preservation and Their Extended Use London in ancient times was most richly supplied with ecclesiastical buildings. Fitzstephen, biographer of Becket, who wrote during the reign of Henry II, says that there and in the suburbs were 13 churches attached to convents and 126 parochial ones; Peter of Blois, in a letter to the Pope at the end of the 12th century, puts the number in London at 120, while Fabyan in 1516 gives "the summe of the parysshe churchys" as 113. After the Reformation these parish churches mostly survived without much structural change except what was necessary through lapse of time, until in the great fire 86 were destroyed or badly injured. Fifty-one of them were rebuilt, 33 being made to serve for 2 parishes, while St. Mary-le-Bow did duty for 3. Of the churches that escaped the great fire, 21 in number, 8 still remain. Among these St. Bartholomew the Great forms a portion of the Priory church founded in 1123, to the nave of which, destroyed at the Dissolution, the lay people of the precinct previously had access. The church of St. Helen Bishopsgate had been partly occupied by nuns of the Benedictine order, the north aisle or nave having been theirs while the parishioners occupied the other. The remaining 6 are parochial churches of ancient foundation. Of these St. Andrew Undershaft and to a great extent St. Giles Cripplegate were reconstructed in the first half of the 16th century, while St. Katherine Cree, excepting the lower part of the tower, dates from 1628-30. Wren's City Churches. In rebuilding the City churches after the great fire, Sir Christopher Wren had a unique opportunity which he turned to marvellous account. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.
Sir Christopher Wren (1632–1723) is now mostly remembered as a genius of architecture – but he was also an accomplished polymath, who only came to architecture quite late in life. Most famous as the mastermind behind the rebuilding of St Paul's Cathedral and more than fifty parish churches after the Great Fire of London, among his countless other projects Wren also designed the Royal Hospital at Chelsea, the Royal Naval Hospital at Greenwich, and much of Hampton Court Palace. Replete with colourful images of his buildings, this concise biography tells the story of a man whose creations are still popular tourist attractions to this day, but also casts light on Wren's credentials as an intellectual and a founding member of the Royal Society.
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