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The document covers the site investigations and laboratoty tests in connection with construction on a permanent snowfield, and then deals with the technology of excavation and building where snow is almost the only constructional material. The author draws heavily on the work of the Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory (CRREL) in the development of Camp Century and other projects on the Greenland ice sheet and shows the application of the techniques to Antarctic Research Stations. (Author).
Rotary drilling equipment was modified and used to obtain cores from glaciers in Northwest Greenland, Byrd Station and Little America V, Antarctica. Using cold compressed air, specially designed bits and other modifications, cores were obtained to 1345 feet in Greenland, 1000 feet at Byrd Station and the Ross Ice Shelf was penetrated to a depth of 840 feet at Little America V. In all locations cracks in the core appeared with increasing frequency at depth due to the sudden release of the overburden load when the core was cut in the air-filled hole. Special equipment and techniques developed dealt with the problem with some success. (Author Modified Abstract).
This Air Force document was written to provide survival and environmental information about the Arctic. It details techniques used in the American Arctic by man in his quest for food and water insofar as they are related to snow, ice, and permafrost, and to evaluate these techniques and the changes that have occurred in them in terms of today's needs. Structure and landforms and climate are discussed. The users of the Arctic: the Eskimos, the Explorers, and the settlers are also discussed. Food supply covers such items as seals, ice hunting, sea mammals, caribou, bird hunting, fishing, vegetable foods, and food storage in the Arctic.