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One empirical phenomenon that has received little attention in the franchising literature is the tendency for individual franchisees to own not just one but several units of a given franchised chain. Most current theories of franchising, based on incentives, information asymmetries, and strategic arguments, have little capacity to explain this phenomenon. In fact, several of them imply that all units should be independently owned and operated. However, given the existence of multi-unit owners, most of the theories have implications for the extent to which units owned by a single owner should be 1) geographically near each other, 2) located in areas where populations display similar demographic characteristics, and 3) contiguous to each other, that is, should share a market boundary. This paper provides empirical evidence that restaurants of individual owners in the six largest fast-food chains in Texas are geographically close to each other, that they are located in areas with similar demographic characteristics, and that they are contiguous. This evidence suggests among other things that franchising is not a strategic delegation device, and that the location of units is not determined by the franchisee's desire to diversify away risk. Instead, the minimization of monitoring or free-riding costs, and the franchisor's reliance on the franchisee's local market expertise, appear to be central concerns in the allocation of units across franchisees
Franchising is one of the major engines of business expansion and job creation globally. The Handbook of Research on Franchising offers new insights into entrepreneurial behavior, organizational forms, regulation, internationalization, and other contemporary issues relating to this dynamic business strategy. The Handbook challenges both practitioners and scholars to give attention to the conclusions of scholarly research on this business model. Practitioners can benefit from the results of high quality scientific research, and scholars can find exciting opportunities for contributing to the body of knowledge of a subject that has not received sufficient attention in educational institutions.
This 2005 book describes in much detail both how and why franchising works. It also analyses the economic tensions that contribute to conflict in the franchisor-franchisee relationship. The treatment includes a great deal of empirical evidence on franchising, its importance in various segments of the economy, the terms of franchise contracts and what we know about how all these have evolved over time, especially in the US market. A good many myths are dispelled in the process. The economic analysis of the franchisor-franchisee relationship begins with the observation that for franchisors, franchising is a contractual alternative to vertical integration. Subsequently, the tensions that arise between a franchisor and its franchisees, who in fact are owners of independent businesses, are examined in turn. In particular the authors discuss issues related to product quality control, tying arrangements, pricing, location and territories, advertising, and termination and renewals.
Quick Service Restaurants, Franchising, and Multi-Unit Chain Management provides a multifaceted view on the one-hundred-billion-dollar industry with worldwide appeal. Quick-service restaurants (QSRs) have been the dominant segment of the food service industry since their inception in the 1920s. This book focuses on the QSR industry, its historical roots in America, consumer acceptance, management practices, international expansion, and co-branding opportunities. A nationwide survey of mature customers highlights the characteristics, unpleasant service experiences, and service requirements that diminish their satisfaction in QSRs. There is a chapter on airline food and what companies are doing to improve food quality and customer satisfaction. There are also chapters focusing on food safety, sanitation, and consumption trends. A case study of Billy Ingram and White Castle restaurants shows how hamburgers became a staple menu item in American restaurants.
This is a directory of companies that grant franchises with detailed information for each listed franchise.