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The purpose of this manual is to provide clear and helpful information for maintaining gravel roads. Very little technical help is available to small agencies that are responsible for managing these roads. Gravel road maintenance has traditionally been "more of an art than a science" and very few formal standards exist. This manual contains guidelines to help answer the questions that arise concerning gravel road maintenance such as: What is enough surface crown? What is too much? What causes corrugation? The information is as nontechnical as possible without sacrificing clear guidelines and instructions on how to do the job right.
The purpose of this manual is to provide clear and helpful information for maintaining gravel roads. Very little technical help is available to small agencies that are responsible for managing these roads. Gravel road maintenance has traditionally been "more of an art than a science" and very few formal standards exist. This manual contains guidelines to help answer the questions that arise concerning gravel road maintenance such as: What is enough surface crown? What is too much? What causes corrugation? The information is as nontechnical as possible without sacrificing clear guidelines and instructions on how to do the job right.
The State of Iowa currently has approximately 69,000 miles of unpaved secondary roads. Due to the low traffic count on these unpaved roads, paving with asphalt or Portland cement concrete is not economical. Therefore to reduce dust production, the use of dust suppressants has been utilized for decades. This study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of several widely used dust suppressants through quantitative field testing on two of Iowa's most widely used secondary road surface treatments: crushed limestone rock and alluvial sand/gravel. These commercially available dust suppressants included: lignin sulfonate, calcium chloride, and soybean oil soapstock. These suppressants were applied to 1000 ft test sections on four unpaved roads in Story County, Iowa. To duplicate field conditions, the suppressants were applied as a surface spray once in early June and again in late August or early September. The four unpaved roads included two with crushed limestone rock and two with alluvial sand/gravel surface treatments as well as high and low traffic counts. The effectiveness of the dust suppressants was evaluated by comparing the dust produced on treated and untreated test sections. Dust collection was scheduled for 1, 2, 4, 6, and 8 weeks after each application, for a total testing period of 16 weeks. Results of a cost analysis between annual dust suppressant application and biennial aggregate replacement indicated that the cost of the dust suppressant, its transportation, and application were relatively high when compared to that of the two aggregate types. Therefore, the biennial aggregate replacement is considered more economical than annual dust suppressant application, although the application of annual dust suppressant reduced the cost of road maintenance by 75 %. Results of the dust collection indicated that the lignin sulfonate suppressant outperformed calcium chloride and soybean oil soapstock on all four unpaved roads, the performance of the suppressants on the alluvial sand/gravel surface treatment was less than that on the crushed limestone rock, the residual effects of all the products seem reasonably well after blading, and the combination of alluvial sand/gravel surface treatment and high traffic count caused dust reduction to decrease dramatically.
Preserving the surface of a gravel or dirt road is important for dust control, stabilization, and maintaining grade. A Light Surface Treatment (LST), also known as a bituminous surface treatment, is a relatively new method for preserving a gravel or dirt road surface. The Minnesota Local Road Research Board developed a half-day training curriculum on Lightly Surfaced Roads to help counties and townships select the right treatment and successfully apply it. The first training will be delivered in Spring 2020 by the University of Center for Transportation Studies. Topics include: Introduction to Lightly Surfaced Roads; advantages and disadvantages of an LSR; treatment options (Otta Seal, Chip Seal, Prime and Seal, etc.); keys to successful application; how to avoid LSR failure; online selection tools.
This synthesis report will be of interest to pavement design engineers in local, state, and federal transportation agencies. Pavement materials, construction, and maintenance engineers will also find it of interest. In addition, it will be of interest to local technology transfer centers and pavement research engineers. This synthesis describes the state of the practice for thin-surfaced pavement project selection and structural design. It does not establish preferential design criteria (e.g., mix design) nor does it systematically evaluate existing design methods. This report of the Transportation Research Board describes the conditions in which thin-surfaced pavements are considered appropriate, what thin-surfaced pavement types are considered appropriate for given conditions, and the decision criteria used in their selection. Information for the synthesis was collected by surveying state and local transportation agencies and by conducting a literature search, including foreign resources. Case studies and an extensive collection of survey data are presented.
This study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of several widely used dust suppressants through quantitative field testing on two of Iowa's most widely used secondary road surface treatments: crushed limestone rock and alluvial sand/gravel. These commercially available dust suppressants included: lignin sulfonate, calcium chloride, and soybean oil soapstock. These suppressants were applied to 1000 ft test sections on four unpaved roads in Story County, Iowa.