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This monograph is written for neophytes, students, and practitioners to aid in their understanding of single event phenomena. It attempts to collect the highlights as well as many of the more detailed aspects of this field into an entity that portrays the theoretical as well as the practical applications of this subject. Those who claim that "theory" is not for them can skip over the earlier chapters dealing with the fundamental and theoretical portions and find what they need in the way of hands-on guidelines and pertinent formulas in the later chapters. Perhaps, after a time they will return to peruse the earlier chapters for a more complete rendition and appreciation of the subject matter. It is felt that the reader should have some acquaintance with the electronics of semiconductors and devices, some broad atomic physics introduction, as well as a respectable level of mathematics through calculus, including simple differential equations. A large part of the preceding can be obtained informally, through job experience, self-study, evening classes, as well as from a formal college curriculum.
This book introduces the basic concepts necessary to understand Single Event phenomena which could cause random performance errors and catastrophic failures to electronics devices. As miniaturization of electronics components advances, electronics components are more susceptible in the radiation environment. The book includes a discussion of the radiation environments in space and in the atmosphere, radiation rate prediction depending on the orbit to allow electronics engineers to design and select radiation tolerant components and systems, and single event prediction.
This book provides a detailed treatment of radiation effects in electronic devices, including effects at the material, device, and circuit levels. The emphasis is on transient effects caused by single ionizing particles (single-event effects and soft errors) and effects produced by the cumulative energy deposited by the radiation (total ionizing dose effects). Bipolar (Si and SiGe), metalOCooxideOCosemiconductor (MOS), and compound semiconductor technologies are discussed. In addition to considering the specific issues associated with high-performance devices and technologies, the book includes the background material necessary for understanding radiation effects at a more general level. Contents: Single Event Effects in Avionics and on the Ground (E Normand); Soft Errors in Commercial Integrated Circuits (R C Baumann); System Level Single Event Upset Mitigation Strategies (W F Heidergott); Space Radiation Effects in Optocouplers (R A Reed et al.); The Effects of Space Radiation Exposure on Power MOSFETs: A Review (K Shenai et al.); Total Dose Effects in Linear Bipolar Integrated Circuits (H J Barnaby); Hardness Assurance for Commercial Microelectronics (R L Pease); Switching Oxide Traps (T R Oldham); Online and Realtime Dosimetry Using Optically Stimulated Luminescence (L Dusseau & J Gasiot); and other articles. Readership: Practitioners, researchers, managers and graduate students in electrical and electronic engineering, semiconductor science and technology, and microelectronics."
With the appearance of my first philosophical studies but also of aphorisms, I initially published the book entitled Bible of the Light and then a more complete form of the book Bible of the Light was the book entitled The Illuminati Bible, so that in present to publish the full form of the Bible, which I felt that it will be perfected with the help of God, and which I decided to call the Illuminati Bible of Divine Light. Some will wonder why I chose this name of The Illuminati Bible starting with that book published in 2014, the content of which is also in this book called the Illuminati Bible of Divine Light which in turn contains many other parts? Simple. Firstly because I wanted to help, in Good, the Karma of this World, because Illuminati and Enlightenment are spoken of in negative terms, and secondly because Illuminati comes from Enlightenment, and true Enlightenment cannot bring the Evil, nor can it be the Evil, vile. True Enlightenment must be based only on Good and never on bringing the Evil as the supreme Wickedness. Therefore, in order to improve the Karma of Mankind, I show that Enlightenment does not consist in Wickedness but in combating Wickedness. The enlightened ones cannot be a hidden group of people who lead humanity out of the shadows committing all sorts of evils and abuses to maintain power.These people are by no means Enlightened but Dark. If there really are some in such a situation then they use the term Illuminati or Enlightened falsely. How, just as Dark are those who dirtyly attack on the true Illuminati or Enlightened only out of obscure interests of a religious nature, for fear that the Enlightened ones might open the souls of the People and show them the Way to the Truth from which some high prelates that are at the head of certain churches flee, who are afraid that, if the Truth would be found, they will lose both their financial and their decision-making power. I believe that the future will belong to those truly Enlightened, the true Illuminati. A thing is to use Evil to bring through it, Good and another is to use Evil to bring through it the Wickedness. The true Enlightened and not Dark are those who understand that the Evil can only be used for Good when he can do it, and the Good only for the Evil less Evil, when the Good itself can lead to destruction, disaster or pain. The real Bad People, the Dark Ones, are the ones who use both Good and Evil to do as much as possible Evil and not Good. Mankind must understand that the Evil and Good, the God and the Devil are an Entity with two distinct characteristics, an Entity that defines our True God, that is, our Creator Factor and Unique-Incidentally. Therefore, in order to improve the Karma of this World, we will have to pray to the Universal Consciousness formed by the Universal Pure Language.That is, to pray to the Divine Light of all the Worlds, the Supreme God of Intelligence, which to inspire our thoughts so that to use in moderation both Good and Evil, for the ultimate purpose of doing and bringing through us as much as possible Good. Why didn't I let in continuation the name of the Illuminati Bible and to this new, much deeper work of the Bible and call it the Illuminati Bible of Divine Light ? Because compared to the other book called the Illuminati Bible, the Illuminati Bible of Divine Light contains in addition to the content of that book many other new chapters that appeared with the new Wisdom Collections or with the final form of the Coaxialism.(Sorin Cerin)
This is the book version of a special issue of the International Journal of High Speed Electronics and Systems, reviewing recent work in the field of compound semiconductor integrated circuits. There are fourteen invited papers covering a wide range of applications, frequencies and materials. These papers deal with digital, analog, microwave and millimeter-wave technologies, devices and integrated circuits for wireline fiber-optic lightwave transmissions, and wireless radio-frequency microwave and millimeter-wave communications. In each case, the market is young and experiencing rapid growth for both commercial and millitary applications. Many new semiconductor technologies compete for these new markets, leading to an alphabet soup of semiconductor materials described in these papers. The book also includes three papers focused on radiation effects and reliability in III-V semiconductor electronics, which are useful for reference and future directions. Moreover, reliability is covered in several papers separately for certain process technologies. Contents: Present and Future of High-Speed Compound Semiconductor IC''s (T Otsuji); The Transforming MMIC (E J Martinez); Distributed Amplifier for Fiber-Optic Communication Systems (H Shigematsu et al.); Microwave GaN-Based Power Transistors on Large-Scale Silicon Wafers (S Manohar et al.); Radiation Effects in High Speed III-V Integrated Circuits (T R Weatherford); Radiation Effects in III-V Semiconductor Electronics (B D Weaver et al.); Reliability and Radiation Hardness of Compound Semiconductors (S A Kayali & A H Johnston); and other papers. Readership: Engineers, scientists and graduate students working on high speed electronics and systems, and in the area of compound semiconductor integrated circuits.
Electro-optical and infrared systems are fundamental in the military, medical, commercial, industrial, and private sectors. Systems Engineering and Analysis of Electro-Optical and Infrared Systems integrates solid fundamental systems engineering principles, methods, and techniques with the technical focus of contemporary electro-optical and infrared optics, imaging, and detection methodologies and systems. The book provides a running case study throughout that illustrates concepts and applies topics learned. It explores the benefits of a solid systems engineering-oriented approach focused on electro-optical and infrared systems. This book covers fundamental systems engineering principles as applied to optical systems, demonstrating how modern-day systems engineering methods, tools, and techniques can help you to optimally develop, support, and dispose of complex, optical systems. It introduces contemporary systems development paradigms such as model-based systems engineering, agile development, enterprise architecture methods, systems of systems, family of systems, rapid prototyping, and more. It focuses on the connection between the high-level systems engineering methodologies and detailed optical analytical methods to analyze, and understand optical systems performance capabilities. Organized into three distinct sections, the book covers modern, fundamental, and general systems engineering principles, methods, and techniques needed throughout an optical system’s development lifecycle (SDLC); optical systems building blocks that provide necessary optical systems analysis methods, techniques, and technical fundamentals; and an integrated case study that unites these two areas. It provides enough theory, analytical content, and technical depth that you will be able to analyze optical systems from both a systems and technical perspective.
Unfriendly to conventional electronic devices, circuits, and systems, extreme environments represent a serious challenge to designers and mission architects. The first truly comprehensive guide to this specialized field, Extreme Environment Electronics explains the essential aspects of designing and using devices, circuits, and electronic systems intended to operate in extreme environments, including across wide temperature ranges and in radiation-intense scenarios such as space. The Definitive Guide to Extreme Environment Electronics Featuring contributions by some of the world’s foremost experts in extreme environment electronics, the book provides in-depth information on a wide array of topics. It begins by describing the extreme conditions and then delves into a description of suitable semiconductor technologies and the modeling of devices within those technologies. It also discusses reliability issues and failure mechanisms that readers need to be aware of, as well as best practices for the design of these electronics. Continuing beyond just the "paper design" of building blocks, the book rounds out coverage of the design realization process with verification techniques and chapters on electronic packaging for extreme environments. The final set of chapters describes actual chip-level designs for applications in energy and space exploration. Requiring only a basic background in electronics, the book combines theoretical and practical aspects in each self-contained chapter. Appendices supply additional background material. With its broad coverage and depth, and the expertise of the contributing authors, this is an invaluable reference for engineers, scientists, and technical managers, as well as researchers and graduate students. A hands-on resource, it explores what is required to successfully operate electronics in the most demanding conditions.
The accumulation of JPL data on Single Event Phenomena (SEP), from 1979 to August 1986, is presented in full report format. It is expected that every two years a supplement report will be issued for the follow-on period. This data for 135 devices expands on the abbreviated test data presented as part of Refs. (1) and (3) by including figures of Single Event Upset (SEU) cross sections as a function of beam Linear Energy Transfer (LET) when available. It also includes some of the data complied in the JPL computer in RADATA and the SPACERAD data bank. This volume encompasses bipolar and MOS (CMOS and MHNOS) device data as two broad categories for both upsets (bit-flips) and latchup. It also includes comments on less well known phenomena, such as transient upsets and permanent damage modes. Nichols, Donald K. and Huebner, Mark A. and Price, William E. and Smith, L. S. and Coss, James R. Jet Propulsion Laboratory...