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The continuous improvement and effective dissemination of the technology for silk reeling and testing are vital in meeting the ever increasing demand for quality raw silk throughout the world. This bulletin covers a wide range of techniques in the silk reeling industry. Details are given in each chapter on the handling of fresh cocoons, drying and storage of cocoons, cocoon boiling and reeling, raw silk-reeling and finishing, water quantity and quality, utilization of by-products and maintenance of the machinery used. An appendix illustrates the silkworm processes from larva to final production of silk.
This bulletin covers a wide range of techniques in the silk reeling industry. Details are given in each chapter on the handling of fresh cocoons, drying and storage of cocoons, cocoon boiling and reeling, raw silk-reeling and finishing, water quantity and quality, utilization of by-products and maintenance of the machinery used. The continuous improvement and effective dissemination of the technology for silk throughout the world. An appendix illustrated the silkworm processes from larva to final production of silk. Contents Chapter 1: Introduction; Chapter 2: Characteristics of the Cocoon; Physical characteristics of the cocoons, Composition of the cocoon, Properties of silk; Chapter 3: Cocoon Quality and Classification; Cocoon quality, Factors influencing cocoon quality, Classification of cocoons, Cocoon testing and grading, Cocoon exchange; Chapter 4: Cocoon Drying, Storage and Sorting; Objective of cocoon drying, Mechanism of cocoon drying, Various methods of stifling/ drying, Degree of drying, Types of drying machines and methods, Effects of drying conditions on reeling results, Cocoon storage, Sorting of cocoons; Chapter 5: Cocoon Cooling; Introduction, Cocoon cooking methods, Degree of cocoon cooking, Adjustments to cooking conditions, Effects of cocoon cooking conditions on reeling result; Chapter 6: Raw Silk Reeling; Introduction, Various silk reeling devices, Methods of silk reeling, Quality control during raw silk reeling; Chapter 7: Re-reeling and Finishing; Re-reeling, Re-reeling machine and apparatus, How to re-reel raw silk, Re-reeling efficiency, Silk end tying and skind lacing, Booking and packing, Storage of silk; Chapter 8: Utilization of By-Products; Introduction, Doupion silk reeling, Reeling of non-mulberry cocoons, Manufacture of floss silk, Degumming, Opening-up, Finishing, Spun silk, Introduction, Yarn count of spun silk, Wild silk; Chapter 9: Reeling Water; Type of water, Impurities, Methods of water softening, Quality standard of water, Analysis of reeling water; Chapter 10: Factory Planning: Annual requirement of cocoons, Equipment for installation, Location and space, Quality of quantity of filature water, Selection of proper machinery; Chapter 11: Raw Silk Testing; Introduction, Quality test, Visual inspection, Uniformity, General finish, Nature, Sample test, Winding test, Size deviation test, Evenness test, Cleanness test, Neatness test, Tenacity and elongation test, Cohesion test, Quantitative test, Conditioned weight test, Raw silk classification, Grades, Grading with the major tests, Degrading with the auxilliary tests, Miscellaneous tests, Boil-off test for raw silk, Exfoliation test for raw silk.
This Book Presents A Comprehensive Exposition Of Silk Technology And Covers Various Aspects Of Post Cocoon Technology, Right From Cocoon Formation And Reeling Upto Fabric Finishing In Substantial Detail. The Chapter On Silk Reeling In Particular, Is Exemplary, Furnishing All The Minute Process Techniques.The Indian Standards Of Raw Silk Testing And Grading Have Been Discussed In Depth. The Chinese, Japanese And Other International Standards For Raw Silk Testing Have Also Been Included. Major Issues Like The Present Quality Of Raw Silk In India The Measures To Be Taken To Improve The Quality And The Status Of Indian Silk Industry Have Been Elaborately Described.The Chapters On Weaving And Wet Processing Of Silk Describe The Process And The Factors Involved Therein. Detailed Projects On Silk Reeling, Twisting Weaving And Wet Processing Units Have Been Included.The Original Data Several Tables Illustrations And The Detailed Analysis Of Research Data Provided, Make This A Unique Source Of Information In Silk Technology.
This text, translated from the original Chinese, explores silk reeling from cocoon quality to silk testing and grading.
Life cycle assessment (LCA) is used to evaluate the environmental impacts of textile products, from raw material extraction, through fibre processing, textile manufacture, distribution and use, to disposal or recycling. LCA is an important tool for the research and development process, product and process design, and labelling of textiles and clothing. Handbook of Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) of Textiles and Clothing systematically covers the LCA process with comprehensive examples and case studies. Part one of the book covers key indicators and processes in LCA, from carbon and ecological footprints to disposal, re-use and recycling. Part two then discusses a broad range of LCA applications in the textiles and clothing industry. - Covers the LCA process and its key indicators, including carbon and ecological footprints, disposal, re-use and recycling - Examines the key developments of LCA in the textile and clothing industries - Provides a wide range of case studies and examples of LCA applications in the textile and clothing industries
"Red Silk is a history of China’s Yangzi Delta silk industry during the wars, crises, and revolutions of the mid-twentieth century. Based on extensive research in Chinese archives and focused on the 1950s, the book compares two very different groups of silk workers and their experiences in the revolution. Male silk weavers in Shanghai factories enjoyed close ties to the Communist party-state and benefited greatly from socialist policies after 1949. In contrast, workers in silk thread mills, or filatures, were mostly young women who lacked powerful organizations or ties to the revolutionary regime. For many filature workers, working conditions changed little after 1949 and politicized production campaigns added a new burden within the brutal and oppressive factory regime in place since the nineteenth century. Both groups of workers and their employers had to adapt to rapidly changing circumstances. Their actions—protests, petitions, bribery, tax evasion—compelled the party-state to adjust its policies, producing new challenges. The results, though initially positive for many, were ultimately disastrous. By the end of the 1950s, there was widespread conflict and deprivation among silk workers and, despite its impressive recovery under Communist rule, the industry faced a crisis worse than war and revolution."
Wholesale marketing systems for fruit, vegetables and other fresh foodstuffs, such as livestock and fish, are often inadequate. They neither maximize benefits to producers, nor to consumers. This manual has been compiled to provide a systematic methodology based on the sequence of steps normally adopted in the development process. The manual should be of practical value, both to senior professionals and to technicians, in undertaking marketing and engineering surveys, in the preparation of feasibility studies and master plans, and in formulating proposals for the provision of physical facilities.
This book offers a detailed understanding of the principles, procedures, equipment, and operation of selected technologies used to manufacture and evaluate intelligent multifunctional textiles and apparel goods. Leading experts from different domains of polymers, fiber production, nanotechnology, and textile chemical finishing address the entire production process by delving into crucial concepts and topics such as the development, characterization, and potential applications of functional materials. Textiles for Functional Applications is an excellent resource for researchers, designers, and academics who want to learn more about designing feasible functional textiles.
Silk is increasingly being used as a biomaterial for tissue engineering applications, as well as sutures, due to its unique mechanical and chemical properties. Silk Biomaterials for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine discusses the properties of silk that make it useful for medical purposes and its applications in this area. Part one introduces silk biomaterials, discussing their fundamentals and how they are processed, and considering different types of silk biomaterials. Part two focuses on the properties and behavior of silk biomaterials and the implications of this for their applications in biomedicine. These chapters focus on topics including biodegradation, bio-response to silk sericin, and capillary growth behavior in porous silk films. Finally, part three discusses the applications of silk biomaterials for tissue engineering, regenerative medicine, and biomedicine, with chapters on the use of silk biomaterials for vertebral, dental, dermal, and cardiac tissue engineering. Silk Biomaterials for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine is an important resource for materials and tissue engineering scientists, R&D departments in industry and academia, and academics with an interest in the fields of biomaterials and tissue engineering. - Discusses the properties and applications of silk for medical purposes - Considers pharmaceutical and cosmeceutical applications
Natural Fiber-Reinforced Biodegradable and Bioresorbable Polymer Composites focuses on key areas of fundamental research and applications of biocomposites. Several key elements that affect the usage of these composites in real-life applications are discussed. There will be a comprehensive review on the different kinds of biocomposites at the beginning of the book, then the different types of natural fibers, bio-polymers, and green nanoparticle biocomposites are discussed as well as their potential for future development and use in engineering biomedical and domestic products. Recently mankind has realized that unless the environment is protected, he himself will be threatened by the over consumption of natural resources as well as a substantial reduction in the amount of fresh air produced in the world. Conservation of forests and the optimal utilization of agricultural and other renewable resources like solar, wind, and tidal energy, have become important topics worldwide. With such concern, the use of renewable resources—such as plant and animal-based, fiber-reinforced polymeric composites—are now becoming an important design criterion for designing and manufacturing components for a broad range of different industrial products. Research on biodegradable polymeric composites can contribute, to some extent, to a much greener and safer environment. For example, in the biomedical and bioengineering fields, the use of natural fiber mixed with biodegradable and bioresorbable polymers can produce joint and bone fixtures to alleviate pain in patients. - Includes comprehensive information about the sources, properties, and biodegradability of natural fibers - Discusses failure mechanisms and modeling of natural fibers composites - Analyzes the effectiveness of using natural materials for enhancing mechanical, thermal, and biodegradable properties