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In Indian philosophy and theology, the ideology of Vedanta occupies an important position. Hindu religious sects accept the Vedantic soteriology, which believes that there is only one conscious reality, Brahman from which the entire creation, both conscious and non-conscious, emanated. Madhusudana Sarasvati, who lived in sixteenth century Bengal and wrote in Sanskrit, was the last great thinker among the Indian philosophers of Vedanta. During his time, Hindu sectarians, rejected monistic Vedanta. Although a strict monist, Madhusudana tried to make a synthesis between his monistic philosophy and his theology of emotional love for God. Sanjukta Gupta provides the only comprehensive study of Madhusudana Sarasvati's thought. She explores the religious context of his extensive and difficult works, offering invaluable insights into Indian philosophy and theology.
The work appears in five volumes. Vol. I comprises Buddhist and Jaina Philosophy and the six systems of Hindu thought, viz.., Samkhya, Yoga, Nyaya, Vaisesika, Mimamsa and Vedanta. It also contains the philosophy of the Yogavasistha, the Bhagavadgita and speculations in the medical schools. Vol. III contains an elaborate account of the Principal Dualistic and Pluralistic Systems such as the philosophy of the Pancaratra, Bhaskara, Yamuna, Ramanuja, Nimbarka, Vijnanabhiksu and philosophical speculations of some of the selected Puranas. Vol. IV deals with the Bhagavata Purana, Madhva and his School, Vallabha, Caitanya, Jiva Gosvami and Baladeva Vidyabhusana. Vol. V treats the Southern Schools of Saivism, viz., Saiva Siddhanta, Vira Saivism, philosophy of Srikantha. Saiva Philosophy in the Puranas and in some important texts. In the words of the Oxford Journal 'the collection of data, editing and the interpretation of every school of thought is a feat unparalleled in the field of history of philosophy.'
In this benchmark five-volume study, originally published between 1922 and 1955, Surendranath Dasgupta examines the principal schools of thought that define Indian philosophy. A unifying force greater than art, literature, religion, or science, Professor Dasgupta describes philosophy as the most important achievement of Indian thought, arguing that an understanding of its history is necessary to appreciate the significance and potentialities of India's complex culture. Volume II continues the examination of the Sankara school of Vedanta begun in Volume I, and also addresses the philosophy of the Yoga-Vasistha, speculations in the medical schools, and the philosophy of the Bhagavad-Gita.
Madhusudana Sarasvati's most famous work, Advaitasiddhi, helped to establish monism on a logical basis by refuting all criticisms of it by other schools. In his commentary on the Bhagavad Gita, however, he set forth a philosophy of life which also recognised other ways of spiritual development -- such as Yoga, devotion to God, and the analytical penetration of Samkhya. Here, Madhusudana gave the highest place to the cultivation of devotion. The present work of Madhusudana, the Gudhartha Dipika (an Annotation Revealing the True Import of the Gita) is probably the greatest of his many literary works. Though there are many classical commentaries on the Gita, this work stands next only to Sri Shankaracharya's commentary as regards clarity, depth, and originality.
This widely quoted but long unavailable book by one of India's leading scholars includes six lectures: 1. Introductory; 2. Upanisadic Vedanta; 3. Vedanta in the Bhagavadgita; 4. Vedanta in the Brahmasutras; 5. Pre-Sankara Vedanta; 6. Sankara: His Life and Times. In the second through fourthlectures Belvalkar investigates Vedanta in relation to its three primary sources. In the fifth lecture he discusses the contribution of Gaudapada. In the sixth lecture he includes what is still the only comprehensive analysis of the authenticity of all the works attributed to Sankara. An additional six lectures in this series were delivered, but apparently never published.