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The application of shear (S) waves in seismic petroleum exploration is in a critical stage of development. This book outles the past technologies, the current ones and the possible future ones.The current efforts in S- wave exploration described in this paper consist of investigation of problems in S- wave recording for example surface wave interference, processing for example, reflectiion static time corrections and interpretation for example correlation of reflections on P- and S- wave seismic sections. It also looks at a recent development that will advance S- wave exploration considerably.
The application of shear (S) waves in seismic petroleum exploration is in a critical stage of development. This book outles the past technologies, the current ones and the possible future ones.The current efforts in S- wave exploration described in this paper consist of investigation of problems in S- wave recording for example surface wave interference, processing for example, reflectiion static time corrections and interpretation for example correlation of reflections on P- and S- wave seismic sections. It also looks at a recent development that will advance S- wave exploration considerably.
This is the companion book to the 2000 Distinguished Instructor Short Course (DISC), Distinguished Instructor Series, No. 3 as presented by Robert Garotta. Garotta has made significant contributions in various fields of research and development such as vibroseis, velocity analysis, static corrections and 3D survey design, and is the author of numerous technical papers. He remains one of the key promoters of shear wave acquisition, processing and interpretation in our industry. His pioneering work on the use of converted shear waves led him from the first experiments in France to active participation in the Colorado School of Mines projects. A long standing member of the SEG and of the European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers(EAGE), he was the corecipient of the Conrad Schlumberger award in 1965.
All rock masses are seismically anisotropic, but we generally ignore this in our seismic acquisition, processing, and interpretation. The anisotropy nonetheless does affect our data, in ways that limit the effectiveness with which we can use it, as long as we ignore it. This book, produced for use with the fifth SEG/EAGE Distinguished Instructor Short Course, helps us understand why this inconsistency between reality and practice has been so successful in the past and why it will be less successful in the future as we acquire better seismic data (especially including vector seismic data) and correspondingly higher expectations of it. This book helps us understand how we can modify our practice to more fully realize the potential inherent in our data through algorithms which recognize the fact of seismic anisotropy.
A theoretical analysis of horizontally polarized shear (SH) waves was performed to determine the seismic reflection characteristics and practical seismic frequency for detecting cylindrical cavities representative of man-made tunnels. The analytical model consists of an SH-wave line source in an absorptive layered half-space containing a cylindrical cavity in a high-quality bedrock underlying a lossy low-velocity surface layer. Seismic wave scattering patterns of synthetic reflection seismograms were computed to illustrate the reflection response of SH waves polarized parallel to the cavity axis. The influence of the lossy surface layer on the reflected SH waves was found to be significant enough to require the use of subsurface-coupled source and detectors for practical detection of the cavity. Based upon these analytical model results, technical specifications were developed for a high-resolution SH-wave seismic exploration system designed specifically for search and detection of tunnels.
This latest edition of an established work provides an authoritative account of the art and science of reflection seismology. It offers a clear explanation of the methods by which artificially created seismic waves are employed in the economical discovery of oil and gas, as well as their growing use in the exploitation of coal reserves and other energy resources. In this 3rd Edition more information is provided about peripheral methods such as velocity logging, vertical seismic profiling, and the use of shear waves in reflection work. Includes discussion of the advances that have been made in the past five years--for example, the ability to deal with two-dimensional data reception and the transmutation of such tremendous data arrays into 3-D information on the Earth's internal structure. Covers all important phases of theory, instrumentation, digital data processing, and scientific modelling, and discusses the fine art of interpreting the results.