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Shareholder liability was once discussed only in terms of liability for the debts of the corporation in which the shareholders hold interest. That is now a shifting scene, influenced in the main by the emergence of shareholder activism and derivative litigation, with its attendant increase of risk for officers and directors, and “fee shifting” provisions in corporate bylaws, allowing corporations to seek legal fees from unsuccessful shareholder plaintiffs. In this edition of the Comparative Law Yearbook for International Business, practitioners from 10 jurisdictions examine recent developments in shareholder liability. The introductory chapter “Liability of Shareholders in Modern Company Law”, sets the stage for reports from Argentina, Belgium, Brazil, Croatia, Germany, Indonesia, Mexico, Portugal, and the United States.
In a market environment where economic actors conduct themselves as diligent and conscientious managers, the regulation of related party transactions (RPTs) would be largely irrelevant. Unfortunately, the corporate reality is far from an ideal world that is innocent of market abuse and corporate fraud. It remains necessary to protect minority shareholders from the wrongdoings of majority shareholders and to protect all shareholders from opportunistic managerial behaviour. This timely book – the first on the subject since implementation of the European Union’s (EU’s) revised Shareholders’ Rights Directive – provides in-depth analysis of how and to what extent RPTs are covered by existing legal requirements on capital protection and corporate group regulation, highlighting experiences and strategies adopted in Germany, Poland, and the Netherlands as examples for Eastern European countries and in particular Ukraine. Beyond his comparative analysis of the current status, the author offers recommendations for more effective handling of RPTs, investigating such aspects as the following: what constitutes a corporate group and how group issues are regulated in the various legal systems; what constitutes a conflict of interest originating in ownership and control and what types of such conflicts occur; whether RPTs within corporate groups should receive special treatment relative to transactions outside groups; combatting corporate raiding, most often carried out through illegal seizure of corporate assets; approval and disclosure requirements for RPTs; and how information about RPTs is disclosed publicly. Drawing on resources including legislation, case law, scholarship, and intensive discussions with practicing lawyers from several jurisdictions, the author underscores the imperative of establishing limitations and requirements that oblige a company’s officers, shareholders, and other potential related parties to follow certain rules whenever they wish to enter into an RPT. As a contribution to the debate about the convergence between EU corporate law and that of major eastern European states, the book has no peers. Practitioners in both East and West who advise on compliance with regulations for RPTs or represent stakeholders’ interests against abusive RPTs will ensure appropriate remedies and protection mechanisms for their clients.
The 42nd issue of the Comparative Law Yearbook of International Business addresses a diverse range of topical issues of national and international consequence. Ranging from an analysis of the pari passu principle and its operation in corporate insolvency in the UK, to international trends regarding mediation and its future development under the new Singapore Convention, the findings presented in the 10 chapters of this edition will interest both those involved in and those studying the legal regime for cross-border business activities. Authors from Argentina, Brazil, Colombia, France, Italy, Japan, Poland, Russia, Taiwan, and the United States of America examine a panoply of matters, e.g. relating to anti-corruption measures, arbitration, company law, competition law, financial law and mediation. The comparative analysis serves to highlight the strengths and weaknesses of approaches adopted, in particular jurisdictions by juxtaposing them with their equivalents in others in North America, Europe and beyond.
The Comparative Law Yearbook of International Business, published under the auspices of the Center for International Legal Studies, in this 41st volume spans an arc from nuanced discussion of the notion of ‘creativity’ under various copyright regimes and product designations over corporate organization, acquisition and criminal conduct, regulation of payment services and tax evasion to dealing with disruptive behaviour in international arbitration. The authors, practitioners and academics from Japan, Poland, Romania, Greece, Turkey, Iran, Spain and England bring a medley of perspectives addressing developments and pressing legal issues for businesses that are engaged in international commerce and investment, such as the difficulty of prosecuting corporate crimes, disincentives for tax offenders to cooperate with authorities, and new paradigms for banking. What’s in this book: Among the broad spectrum of aspects, the book covers such issues and topics as the following: – reorganization of the concept of creativity by functions; – designation of products, business and entrepreneurs; – dividend distribution in public companies; – tax evasion, disproportionate punishment and lack of remedies; and – transposition of the European Payment Services Directive 2. How this will help you: As a scrutiny of the updated developments in the legal fields, this Yearbook helps readers gain insight into national and regional perspectives on the interpretation of laws. The presentation of the reports aids in understanding the impact of such legal developments in practice. Thus, this book serves as a source of knowledge for lawyers and academics to comprehend the changing legal rules and regulations and to confidently apply them in solving problems.
In this thirty-ninth volume of the Comparative Law Yearbook of International Business, practitioners and experts in various legal fields from Belgium, Canada, Germany, the Isle of Man, Japan, New Zealand, Romania, South Africa, and the United States examine issues from national and regional perspectives. Authors from New Zealand and South Africa review matters pertaining to cybercrime and cybersecurity law and employee use of social networking sites. Under the heading Corporate Law, practitioners from the United States, Canada, the Isle of Man, and Romania deal with issues such as transfer of business, choice of law regarding intermediated securities, beneficial ownership of companies, and shareholder activism. Finally, authors from Belgium and Japan treat best-efforts clauses, and copyright protection of digital rights management.
This book tracks the phenomenon of international corporate personhood (ICP) in international law and explores many legal issues raised in its wake. It sketches a theory of the ICP and encourages engagement with its amorphous legal nature through reimagination of international law beyond the State, in service to humanity. The book offers two primary contributions, one descriptive and one normative. The descriptive section of the book sketches a history of the emergence of the ICP and discusses existing analogical approaches to theorizing the corporation in international law. It then turns to an analysis of the primary judicial decisions and international legal instruments that animate internationally a concept that began in U.S. domestic law. The descriptive section concludes with a list of twenty-two judge-made and text-made rights and privileges presently available to the ICP that are not available to other international legal personalities; these are later categorized into ‘active’ and ‘passive’ rights. The normative section of the book begins the shift from what is to what ought to be by sketching a theory of the ICP that – unlike existing attempts to place the corporation in international legal theory – does not rely on analogical reasoning. Rather, it adopts the Jessupian emphasis on ‘human problems’ and encourages pragmatic, solution-oriented legal analysis and interpretation, especially in arbitral tribunals and international courts where legal reasoning is frequently borrowed from domestic law and international treaty regimes. It suggests that ICPs should have ‘passive’ or procedural rights that cater to problems that can be characterized as ‘universal’ but that international law should avoid universalizing ‘active’ or substantive rights which ICPs can shape through agency. The book concludes by identifying new trajectories in law relevant to the future and evolution of the ICP. This book will be most useful to students and practitioners of international law but provides riveting material for anyone interested in understanding the phenomenon of international corporate personhood or the international law surrounding corporations more generally.
From the shaping of new homelands in the Cherokee Nation to the export of sand from Cambodia to shore up urban expansion in Singapore, The Social Lives of Land reveals the dynamics of contemporary social and political change. The editors of this volume bring together contributions from across multiple disciplines and geographic locations. The contributions showcase novel theoretical and empirical insights, analyzing how people are living on, with, and from their land. From Mozambique to India, Indonesia, Ecuador, and the colonial United States, the scholars in this collection uncover histories and retell stories with a focus on the lived experiences of rural and urban land dispossession and repossession. Contributors: Kati Álvarez, Clint Carroll, Flora Lu, Richard Mbunda, Gregg Mitman, Paul Nadasdy, Robert Nichols, Andrew Ofstehage, Laura Schoenberger, Kirsteen Shields, Emmanuel Sulle, Erik Swyngedouw, Gabriela Valdivia, Katherine Verdery, Callum Ward, Ciara Wirth, Emmanuel King Urey Yarkpawolo
In General Principles for Business and Human Rights in International Law Ludovica Chiussi Curzi offers an overview of the relevance of general principles of law in the multifaceted discourse on business and human rights. What are the implications of the state duty to protect human rights in good faith and to guarantee victims of corporate human rights violations access to justice? Can general principles of law, such as abuse of rights, due diligence, and estoppel provide a source of obligations for companies that is relevant to human rights protection? Has an autonomous principle on corporate liability developed in international law? These are the questions at the core of this monograph, which seeks the answers in the normative foundations of public international law.
Launched in 1991, the Asian Yearbook of International Law is a major internationally-refereed yearbook dedicated to international legal issues as seen primarily from an Asian perspective. It is published under the auspices of the Foundation for the Development of International Law in Asia (DILA) in collaboration with DILA-Korea, the Secretariat of DILA, in South Korea. When it was launched, the Yearbook was the first publication of its kind, edited by a team of leading international law scholars from across Asia. It provides a forum for the publication of articles in the field of international law and other Asian international legal topics. The objectives of the Yearbook are two-fold: First, to promote research, study and writing in the field of international law in Asia; and second, to provide an intellectual platform for the discussion and dissemination of Asian views and practices on contemporary international legal issues. Each volume of the Yearbook contains articles and shorter notes; a section on Asian state practice; an overview of the Asian states’ participation in multilateral treaties and succinct analysis of recent international legal developments in Asia; a bibliography that provides information on books, articles, notes, and other materials dealing with international law in Asia; as well as book reviews. This publication is important for anyone working on international law and in Asian studies. The 2017 edition of the Yearbook is a special volume that has articles highlighting current international legal issues facing particular Asian states.
Banking regulation and the private law governing the bank-customer relationship came under the spotlight as a result of the global financial crisis of 2007–2009. More than a decade later UK, EU and international regulatory initiatives have transformed the structure, business practices, financing models and governance of the banking sector. This authoritative text offers an in-depth analysis of modern banking law and regulation, while providing an assessment of its effectiveness and normative underpinnings. Its main focus is on UK law and practice, but where necessary it delves into EU law and institutions, such as the European Banking Union and supervisory role of the European Central Bank. The book also covers the regulation of bank corporate governance and executive remuneration, the promises and perils of FinTech and RegTech, and the impact of Brexit on UK financial services. Although detailed, the text remains easy to read and reasonably short; pedagogic features such as a glossary of terms and practice questions for each chapter are intended to facilitate learning. It is a useful resource for students and scholars of banking law and regulation, as well as for regulators and other professionals who are interested in reading a precise and evaluative account of this evolving area of law.