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This book describes for readers various technical outcomes from the EU-project IoSense. The authors discuss sensor integration, including LEDs, dust sensors, LIDAR for automotive driving and 8 more, demonstrating their use in simulations for the design and fabrication of sensor systems. Readers will benefit from the coverage of topics such as sensor technologies for both discrete and integrated innovative sensor devices, suitable for high volume production, electrical, mechanical, security and software resources for integration of sensor system components into IoT systems and IoT-enabling systems, and IoT sensor system reliability. Describes from component to system level simulation, how to use the available simulation techniques for reaching a proper design with good performance; Explains how to use simulation techniques such as Finite Elements, Multi-body, Dynamic, stochastics and many more in the virtual design of sensor systems; Demonstrates the integration of several sensor solutions (thermal, dust, occupancy, distance, awareness and more) into large-scale system solutions in several industrial domains (Lighting, automotive, transport and more); Includes state-of-the-art simulation techniques, both multi-scale and multi-physics, for use in the electronic industry.
Modern military systems being fielded are becoming increasingly more complex and expensive, and challenge traditional training, analysis, and test & evaluation methodologies. As a result, there is more and more pressure to use modeling and simulation throughout the development cycle of these military programs. The need for modeling and simulation, especially Distributed Interactive Simulation (DIS), is becoming more apparent for operational test and evaluation as well as for defining military training requirements. In the process of system design and development, we depend more on the high-fidelity deterministic and statistical modeling and simulation approaches. One thing that needs to be kept in mind is the fact these simulations are just what they are, mathematical models of systems interacting to play out a scenario and provide results. These results are analyzed and decisions are made. Therefore in order to interpret the results, it is imperative that the mathematical models represent the system and that the input data is understood. As we become more dependent on modeling and simulation, the approaches taken in generating the "synthetic real world" must take into consideration the anticipated advancements in the system being modeled. The objective of this assessment is to look at some of the methodologies used in modeling and simulation of infrared (IR) search-and-target acquisition systems, to address the generation of synthetic IR imagery, and to identify issues associated with modeling and simulating IR imagery in real time as 3rd generation IR technology matures
This book is about aerospace sensors, their principles of operation, and their typical advantages, shortcomings, and vulnerabilities. They are described in the framework of the subsystems where they function and in accordance with the flight mission they are designed to serve. The book is intended for students at the advanced undergraduate or graduate level and for research engineers who need to acquire this kind of knowledge. An effort has been made to explain, within a uniform framework of mathematical modeling, the physics upon which a certain sensor concept is based, its construction, its dynamics, and its error sources and their corresponding mathematical models. Equipped with such knowledge and understanding, the student or research engineer should be able to get involved in research and development activities of guidance, control, and navigation systems and to contribute to the initiation of novel ideas in the aerospace sensor field. As a designer and systems engineer, he should be able to correctly interpret the various items in a technical data list and thus to interact intelligently with manufacturers' representatives and other members of an R&D team. Much of the text has evolved from undergraduate and graduate courses given by the author during the past seventeen years at the Department of Aerospace Engineering at the Technion- Israel Institute of Technology and from his earlier research and development experience in flight control, guidance, navigation, and avionics at the Ministry of Defense Central Research Institute.
This report describes interim results in a research effort on simulation methodologies. The concern is with advanced intelligence collection systems capable of operating in any environment and in any spectral or force field region. The work is being done for the Information Systems Branch of the Office of Naval Research. (Author).
Security systems are becoming an increasingly important area of research. Advanced security detection and surveillance systems that integrates a variety of detection mechanisms, like signals from different kinds of sensors, is expected to yield more accurate assessment than any one sensor analyzed individually. Designing and investigating these systems, to date, has relied primarily on physical deployments and experimentation. While the quality of the results from such efforts is excellent, the need to work with the physical systems directly imposes a substantial research impediment. One obvious possibility for widening the scope of what can be investigated is to employ simulation as an alternative to experimentation with deployed systems. Our goal is to develop a simulator for simulating infrared, millimeter wave and metal detector sensor systems. The simulator was developed using the Java 2D API. The data obtained from the simulator and the real systems were processed using the WEKA library of machine learning tools to produce threat classifiers which in turn were to be compared in order to establish the accuracies of the simulator with respect to the real system. We used t-test to compare the classification accuracies obtained using the real and simulation data. The P-value obtained from the t-test showed that the differences between the two distributions could be due to chance only. We also found that the simulated data helps in increasing the classification accuracy of the threat classifiers when it is combined with the real data. Also the agreement between threat classifiers obtained using simulated and combined data validated the accuracy of our simulator. We believe that the simulator can serve as a cost effective alternate tool for studying the characteristics of the security systems and help in constructing better threat classifiers.
Momentum Press is proud to bring to you Chemical Sensors: Simulation and Modeling Volume 4: Optical Sensors, edited by Ghenadii Korotcenkov. This is the fourth of a new multi-volume comprehensive reference work that provides computer simulation and modeling techniques in various fields of chemical sensing and the important applications for chemical sensing such as bulk and surface diffusion, adsorption, surface reactions, sintering, conductivity, mass transport, and interphase interactions. In this fourth volume, you will find background and guidance on: • Approaches used for modeling and simulation of various types of optical sensors such as fiber optic, surface plasmon resonance, Fabry-Pérot interferometers, transmittance in the midinfrared region, luminescence-based devices, and more • Approaches used for design and optimization of optical systems aimed for both remote gas sensing and gas analysis chambers for the nondispersive infrared (NDIR) spectral range • Multiscale atomistic simulation of hierarchical nanostructured materials for optical chemical sensing Chemical sensors are integral to the automation of myriad industrial processes and everyday monitoring of such activities as public safety, engine performance, medical therapeutics, and many more. This multi-volume reference work covering simulation and modeling will serve as the perfect complement to Momentum Press’s 6-volume reference work, Chemical Sensors: Fundamentals of Sensing Materials and Chemical Sensors: Comprehensive Sensor Technologies, which present detailed information related to materials, technologies, construction, and application of various devices for chemical sensing. Each simulation and modeling volume in the present series reviews modeling principles and approaches peculiar to specific groups of materials and devices applied for chemical sensing.
Like the previous editions also the third edition of this book combines the detailed physical modeling of mechatronic systems and their precise numerical simulation using the Finite Element (FE) method. Thereby, the basic chapter concerning the Finite Element (FE) method is enhanced, provides now also a description of higher order finite elements (both for nodal and edge finite elements) and a detailed discussion of non-conforming mesh techniques. The author enhances and improves many discussions on principles and methods. In particular, more emphasis is put on the description of single fields by adding the flow field. Corresponding to these field, the book is augmented with the new chapter about coupled flow-structural mechanical systems. Thereby, the discussion of computational aeroacoustics is extended towards perturbation approaches, which allows a decomposition of flow and acoustic quantities within the flow region. Last but not least, applications are updated and restructured so that the book meets modern demands.
Sensors are integral to modern living and are found in a huge number of applications in science, engineering and technology thus it is critical for scientists and technologists to understand the physical principles behind sensor types as well as their characteristics, applications, and how they can be suitably employed in sensor technologies. Whilst there exists a vast literature on the physics and characteristics of traditional sensors, this book provides a broad overview of the range of sensor technologies and attendant topics needed to optimise and utilise these devices in the modern world. Not only reviewing sensors by classification, the book encompasses the physics, design characteristics, simulation and interface electronics, and it includes case studies, future challenges and several other aspects of wider sensor technology to provide an overview of modern sensors and their applications. The broad scope will appeal to industrial and academic researchers and application engineers, especially those developing and implementing real-time hardware implementations employing smart sensors for emerging applications. Key Features Features a broad review of sensor types, including MEMS, wearable and smart sensors Presents application of modern sensors and emerging research directions Incorporates case studies Reviews wider associated technologies such as simulation, materials and interface electronics Interdisciplinary appeal making the text suitable for industrial and academic researchers as well as application engineers
Three sensors were implemented within this system. A laser range finder was created based on a sensor model already included in the underlying simulator. A new model was implemented to provide measurements from a magnetometer. A fictitious lane edge sensor was also designed to show situations where sensor data can be generated independent of constraints in the physical environment.