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A panel of international ICU and epilepsy physicians and researchers detail the epileptic phenomena that occur in the complex environment of the ICU. Focusing on the central nervous system, the authors systematically examine the most up-to-date evidenced-based data regarding ICU seizures, including their most frequent causes, their pathophysiology, their clinical presentation, and the diagnostic evaluation needed to confirm their presence. They also discuss the challenges and specifics of the management of ICU seizures, reviewing the new antiepileptics and their interaction with other ICU medications, drugs with epileptogenic properties used in the ICU, and the role of the new enterally available antiepileptics in treating seizures. Numerous tables summarize drug interactions, neuroimages reveal common ICU seizure etiologies, and multiple electroencephalographic recordings demonstrate clinical or subclinical seizures in ICU patients.
This book is designed to meet the need for a practically oriented textbook on the rapidly growing field of continuous EEG (cEEG) monitoring. A wide range of key clinical aspects are addressed, with explanation of status epilepticus classification, criteria for institution of monitoring, seizure patterns and their recognition, quantitative EEG analysis, and neuroimaging in patients undergoing cEEG monitoring. The value of cEEG and the nature of cEEG findings in various special situations are then reviewed, covering particular pathologies, critical care considerations, and prognostication. Treatments of nonconvulsive status epilepticus (NCSE) and nonconvulsive seizures (NCS) are discussed. The concluding section is devoted to important administrative issues including billing, staffing issues, comparison of EEG machines, and information technology (IT) issues.Continuous EEG monitoring offers the only reliable means of detecting seizures that are not clinically obvious in critically ill patients. Such seizures are common: approximately 20% of patients undergoing cEEG monitoring in hospital have NCSE or NCS. Against this background, many hospitals have started to offer cEEG monitoring as a basis for delivery of appropriate treatment. By presenting the state of the art in cEEG monitoring, this book will be invaluable to practitioners including neurophysiologists, neurologists, neurointensivists, intensivists, neurophysiology and epilepsy fellows, and neurology residents.
As the population ages, technology improves, intensive care medicine expands and neurocritical care advances, the use of EEG monitoring in the critically ill is becoming increasingly important. This atlas is a comprehensive yet accessible introduction to the uses of EEG monitoring in the critical care setting. It includes basic EEG patterns seen in encephalopathy, both specific and non-specific, nonconvulsive seizures, periodic EEG patterns, and controversial patterns on the ictal–interictal continuum. Confusing artefacts, including ones that mimic seizures, are shown and explained, and the new standardized nomenclature for these patterns is included. The Atlas of EEG in Critical Care explains the principles of technique and interpretation of recordings and discusses the techniques of data management, and 'trending' central to long-term monitoring. It demonstrates applications in multi-modal monitoring, correlating with new techniques such as microdialysis, and features superb illustrations of commonly observed neurologic events, including seizures, hemorrhagic stroke and ischaemia. This atlas is written for practitioners, fellows and residents in critical care medicine, neurology, epilepsy and clinical neurophysiology, and is essential reading for anyone getting involved in EEG monitoring in the intensive care unit.
Brain dysfunction is a major clinical problem in intensive care, with potentially debilitating long-term consequences for post-ICU patients of any age. The resulting extended length of stay in the ICU and post-discharge cognitive dysfunction are now recognized as major healthcare burdens. This comprehensive clinical text provides intensivists and neurologists with a practical review of the pathophysiology of brain dysfunction and a thorough account of the diagnostic and therapeutic options available. Initial sections review the epidemiology, outcomes, relevant behavioral neurology and biological mechanisms of brain dysfunction. Subsequent sections evaluate the available diagnostic options and preventative and therapeutic interventions, with a final section on clinical encephalopathy syndromes encountered in the ICU. Each chapter is rich in illustrations, with an executive summary and a helpful glossary of terms. Brain Disorders in Critical Illness is a seminal reference for all physicians and neuroscientists interested in the care and outcome of severely ill patients.
Atlas of EEG in CRITICAL CARE An essential resource enabling the rapid detection of clinically relevant EEG patterns in the ICU setting In the newly revised Second Edition of Atlas of EEG in Critical Care, a team of distinguished medical professionals deliver a highly illustrated, accessible, and authoritative guide to EEGs in critically ill patients. The book highlights key diagnostic patterns, enabling clinicians to make rapid, accurate diagnoses of all major critical conditions, including seizures, stroke, and coma. The authors offer up-to-date coverage of continuous and quantitative EEG methods, including explanations of the American Clinical Neurophysiology Society’s 2021 Terminology for Critical Care EEG. The new edition provides readers with a wide range of presentations seen in typical intensive care units and utilizes extensive color arrows and boxes to highlight the patterns in EEG traces. It explores methods of data management and trending that are central to long-term monitoring and covers invasive recordings, including multi-modal monitoring. Readers will also find: Thorough introductions to the basics of EEG and EEG in encephalopathy In-depth explorations of seizures and status epilepticus, as well as rhythmic and periodic patterns, the ictal-interictal continuum, the extreme delta brush pattern, and other controversial and recently defined EEG patterns Comprehensive discussions of EEG in encephalopathy, coma, and cerebrovascular disease, as well as artifacts that can mimic seizures and other physiologic patterns Numerous examples of prolonged EEG monitoring and an in-depth section on quantitative EEG techniques for detection of seizures and ischemia Perfect for neurologists, EEG’ers and neurointensivists, the latest edition of Atlas of EEG in Critical Care will also earn a place in the libraries of neurology trainees seeking a practical and accessible collection of EEG traces from intensive care patients.
Unlike many other diagnostic procedures, EEG, now over 80 years old, and epilepsy monitoring, now over 40 years old, have demonstrated their usefulness and stood the test of time. Although the benefits of these diagnostic procedures are clear, monitoring is currently not available to the majority of patients in need. One of the factors limiting broader implementation is the lack of practitioners with special expertise. Epilepsy and Intensive Care Monitoring was developed to address this concern. This practical volume contains detailed chapters covering all areas of clinical epilepsy monitoring. Featuring expert authors from major epilepsy centers, this seminal work reviews all current procedures and applications for monitoring adults and children with epilepsy in the Epilepsy Monitoring Unit and the ICU. Opening sections are devoted to indications, procedures, administrative considerations, and technical aspects of the Epilepsy Monitoring Unit and ICU monitoring, followed by dedicated sections on EEG diagnosis and localization and monitoring of neurological disorders in the Epilepsy Monitoring Unit and ICU. The book concludes with special procedures and an Appendix with guidelines for organizing epilepsy monitoring centers and technical aspects of EEG monitoring. Key Features include Covers both adult and pediatric Epilepsy Monitoring Unit and ICU monitoring Contains over 235 high-quality EEGs and other illustrations, including an 8-page color section Comprehensive coverage; no other book in this area has comparable breadth and depth Clinical Focus Expert authors tell you when and how to perform the procedures they discuss
This book, part of the European Society of Intensive Care Medicine textbook series, teaches readers how to use hemodynamic monitoring, an essential skill for today’s intensivists. It offers a valuable guide for beginners, as well as for experienced intensivists who want to hone their skills, helping both groups detect an inadequacy of perfusion and make the right choices to achieve the main goal of hemodynamic monitoring in the critically ill, i.e., to correctly assess the cardiovascular system and its response to tissue oxygen demands. The book is divided into distinguished sections: from physiology to pathophysiology; clinical assessment and measurements; and clinical practice achievements including techniques, the basic goals in clinical practice as well as the more appropriate hemodynamic therapy to be applied in different conditions. All chapters use a learning-oriented style, with practical examples, key points and take home messages, helping readers quickly absorb the content and, at the same time, apply what they have learned in the clinical setting. The European Society of Intensive Care Medicine has developed the Lessons from the ICU series with the vision of providing focused and state-of-the-art overviews of central topics in Intensive Care and optimal resources for clinicians working in Intensive Care.
The only comprehensive source of information on this frequently misdiagnosed problem, with information critical for physicians, ER and ICU doctors, and psychiatrists. An under-recognized condition that can potentially cause brain damage and even death, nonconvulsive status epilepticus (NCSE) is an important clinical problem, occurring in about 25% of status epilepsy cases. Despite this prevalence, Nonconvulsive Status Epilepticus is the first comprehensive clinical text to cover its diagnosis and management. The book progresses logically, beginning with chapters discussing the history and classification of NCSE, reflecting a contemporary understanding of developmental, syndromic, and clinical aspects. Following chapters discuss relevant epidemiology, electrophysiology, imaging and pathophysiology of NCSE, with supplementary sections devoted to psychiatric and behavioral aspects of NCSE and to the different diagnostic considerations of its frequently unusual behavioral presentations. Highlights include: An emphasis on diagnosis, management, and all pertinent clinical issues A heavily illustrated section on EEG interpretation in NCSE Contributions by the foremost international experts on NCSE Throughout, the book maintains a practical focus on recognizing the key signs and symptoms of this subtly presented and clinically challenging condition. This multidisciplinary volume will provide physicians, ER and ICU doctors, and psychiatrists with a comprehensive source of information and opinion on nonconvulsive status epilepticus.
Pearls and take-home points highlighted in every chapter.
Continuous EEG monitoring is an important tool for assessing brain function and allows clinicians to identify malignant EEG patterns quickly and provide more effective care. The revised and updated second edition of Handbook of ICU EEG Monitoring distills the wide range of technical and clinical issues encountered in successful critical care EEG for the busy clinician. Written by leading experts in this rapidly evolving field, the handbook incorporates the ground-breaking advances that have impacted practice since publication of the first edition. Concise chapters break down the fundamentals of EEG acquisition and other technical considerations, clinical indications, EEG interpretation, treatment, and administrative concerns. Entirely new chapters on cardiac arrest in adults, neonatal seizures, periodic and rhythmic patterns, and inter-rater agreement for interpretation in the ICU are included, along with new neonatal guidelines and ACNS adult and pediatric consensus statements. All existing chapters have been revised and updated to include the latest information, and coverage of quantitative EEG (QEEG) is expanded to reflect the expanding role of this technology in reviewing ICU EEG recordings. Formatted for maximum utility with bulleted text and banner heads to reinforce essential information. Key Features: Revised and updated second edition encompasses the current scope of clinical practice Broad but practical reference covering all aspects of ICU EEG monitoring Six entirely new chapters and many new expert authors and topics Thorough discussion of the indications for ICU EEG monitoring and prevalence of seizures in patient subgroups Focuses on the challenges of EEG interpretation that are unique to EEG monitoring in the ICU Key points and future directions/unanswered questions highlighted in every chapter Includes hard-to-find information on technical aspects, indications, billing and coding, and other administrative and procedural concerns Access to downloadable ebook, supplemented with additional EEG examples and clinical cases